Beijing Review 1979 – 1991

Carry out the Four Modernisations of the Fatherland

Carry out the Four Modernisations of the Fatherland

Beijing Review 1979 – 1991

More on China …..

Comrade Mao Tse-tung was barely installed in his mausoleum before the renegades, traitors and ‘capitalist roaders’ in the Communist Party of China went on the attack. This was evident in the articles that appeared in China and which were reproduced in the various magazines produced for a foreign audience. It wasn’t just in Peking/Beijing Review that this became evident as the stance taken in China Reconstructs, China Pictorial and Chinese Literature all very soon followed suit. This was an all-round attack on the very principals and foundation of Socialism and so was carried out in all areas of society.

From the first issue of 1979 the magazine changed its name from Peking Review to Beijing Review – probably the only positive move made by the magazine since late 1976 to date.

The magazine continues to be published to this day but its aim bears no resemblance to when it was first established in the 1950s – originally under the name of People’s China. At that time its goal was to promote the construction of Socialism and to publicise these efforts to the rest of the world. From 1977 onwards its aim was to justify the re-establishment of capitalism.

However, the ‘capitalist roaders’ were never honest in their endeavours and always sought to cloak their activities in the red flag and paid mock homage to the revolutionary period of Chinese history from the Declaration of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 until just after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976.

The reason for making these magazines freely available is so that those who have an interest in the construction of Socialism can see, through a sometimes gradual process, how the Revolution can be so easily stolen from the people if they are not constantly vigilant.

We have had no access to substantial issues of the magazine after the second part of 1991 – but that’s no real loss as subsequent editions teach no one anything about Socialism.

More on China …..

 

1979 – Volume 22

1 – January 5, 1979, 32 pages.

2 – January 12, 1979, 40 pages.

3 – January 19,1979, 32 pages.

4 – January 26, 1979, 32 pages.

5 – February 2, 1979, 32 pages.

6 – February 9, 1979, 32 pages.

7 – February 16, 1979, 32 pages.

8 – February 23, 1979, 32 pages.

9 – March 2, 1979, 32 pages.

10 – March 9, 1979, 32 pages.

11 – March 16, 1979, 32 pages.

12 – March 23, 1979, 32 pages.

13 – March 30, 1979, 32 pages.

14 – April 6, 1979, 32 pages.

15 – April 13, 1979, 32 pages.

16 – April 20, 1979, 32 pages.

17 – April 27, 1979, 32 pages.

18 – May 4, 1979, 32 pages.

19 – May 11, 1979, 32 pages.

20 – May 18, 1979, 32 pages.

21 – May 25, 1979, 32 pages.

22 – June 1, 1979, 32 pages.

23 – June 8, 1979, 32 pages.

24 – June 15, 1979, 32 pages.

25 – June 22, 1979, 32 pages.

26 – June 29, 1979, 32 pages.

Supplement, Subject index for issues 1-26 in 1979, 16 pages.

27 – July 6, 1979, 48 pages.

28 – July 13, 1979, 32 pages.

29 – July 20, 1979, 32 pages.

30 – July 27, 1979, 32 pages.

31 – August 3, 1979, 32 pages.

32 – August 10, 1979, 32 pages.

33 – August 17, 1979, 32 pages.

34 – August 24, 1979, 32 pages.

35 – August 31, 1979, 32 pages.

36 – September 7, 1979, 32 pages.

37 – September 14, 1979, 32 pages.

38 – September 21, 1979, 32 pages.

39 – September 28, 1979, 32 pages.

40 – October 5, 1979, 40 pages.

41 – October 12, 1979, 32 pages.

42 – October 19, 1979, 32 pages.

43 – October 26, 1979, 32 pages.

44 – November 2, 1979, 32 pages.

45 – November 9, 1979, 32 pages.

46 – November 16, 1979, 32 pages.

47 – November 23, 1979, 32 pages.

48 – November 30, 1979, 32 pages.

49 – December 7, 1979, 32 pages.

50 – December 14, 1979, 32 pages.

51 – December 21, 1979, 32 pages.

52 – December 28, 1979, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1979, 32 pages.

 

1980 – Volume 23

1 – January 7, 1980, 32 pages.

2 – January 14, 1980, 32 pages.

3 – January 21, 1980, 32 pages.

4 – January 28, 1980, 32 pages.

5 – February 4, 1980, 32 pages.

6 – February 11, 1980, 32 pages.

7 – February 18, 1980, 32 pages.

8 – February 25, 1980, 24 pages.

9 – March 3, 1980, 32 pages.

10 – March 10, 1980, 32 pages.

11 – March 17, 1980, 32 pages.

12 – March 24, 1980, 32 pages.

13 – March 31, 1980, 32 pages.

14 – April 7, 1980, 32 pages.

15 – April 14, 1980, 32 pages.

16 – April 21, 1980, 32 pages.

17 – April 28, 1980, 32 pages.

18 – May 5, 1980, 32 pages.

19 – May 12, 1980, 32 pages.

20 – May 19, 1980, 32 pages.

21 – May 26, 1980, 32 pages.

22 – June 2, 1980, 32 pages.

23 – June 9, 1980, 32 pages.

24 – June 16, 1980, 32 pages.

25 – June 23, 1980, 32 pages.

26 – June 30, 1980, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1980, 32 pages.

27 – July 7, 1980, 32 pages.

28 – July 14, 1980, 32 pages.

29 – July 21, 1980, 32 pages.

30 – July 28, 1980, 32 pages.

31 – August 4, 1980, 32 pages.

32 – August 11, 1980, 32 pages.

33 – August 18, 1980, 32 pages.

34 – August 25, 1980, 32 pages.

35 – September 1, 1980, 32 pages.

36 – September 8, 1980, 32 pages.

37 – September 15, 1980, 32 pages.

38 – September 22, 1980, 48 pages.

39 – September 29, 1980, 40 pages.

40 – October 6, 1980, 32 pages. (Announces upcoming trial of “Gang of Four” and also of surviving Lin Biao conspirators.)

41 – October 13, 1980, 32 pages.

42 – October 20, 1980, 32 pages.

43 – October 27, 1980, 32 pages.

44 – November 3, 1980, 32 pages.

45 – November 10, 1980, 32 pages.

46 – November 17, 1980, 32 pages.

47 – November 24, 1980, 32 pages.

48 – December 1, 1980, 32 pages.

49 – December 8, 1980, 32 pages.

50 – December 15, 1980, 32 pages.

51 – December 22, 1980, 32 pages.

52 – December 29, 1980, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1980, 40 pages.

 

1981 – Volume 24

1 – January 5, 1981, 32 pages.

2 – January 12, 1981, 32 pages.

3 – January 19, 1981, 32 pages.

4 – January 26, 1981, 32 pages.

5 – February 2, 1981, 32 pages.

6 – February 9, 1981, 32 pages.

7 – February 16, 1981, 24 pages.

8 – February 23, 1981, 32 pages.

9 – March 2, 1981, 32 pages.

10 – March 9, 1981, 32 pages.

11 – March 16, 1981, 32 pages.

12 – March 23, 1981, 32 pages.

13 – March 30, 1981, 32 pages.

14 – April 6, 1981, 32 pages.

15 – April 13, 1981, 32 pages.

16 – April 20, 1981, 32 pages.

17 – April 27, 1981, 32 pages.

18 – May 4, 1981, 32 pages.

19 – May 11, 1981, 32 pages.

20 – May 18, 1981, 32 pages.

21 – May 25, 1981, 32 pages.

22 – June 1, 1981, 32 pages.

23 – June 8, 1981, 32 pages.

24 – June 15, 1981, 32 pages.

25 – June 22, 1981, 32 pages.

26 – June 29, 1981, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1981, 32 pages.

27 – July 6, 1981, includes ‘On Questions of Party History‘, adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the CPC on June 27, 1981, 30 pages. (This is the notorious revisionist summation of, and slander against, the Mao years of the CCP.) 40 pages.

28 – July 13, 1981, 32 pages.

29 – July 20, 1981, 32 pages.

30 – July 27, 1981, 32 pages.

31 – August 3, 1981, 24 pages.

32 – August 10, 1981, 32 pages.

33 – August 17, 1981, 32 pages.

34 – August 24, 1981, 32 pages.

35 – August 31, 1981, 32 pages.

36 – September 7, 1981, 32 pages.

37 – September 14, 1981, 32 pages.

38 – September 21, 1981, 32 pages.

39 – September 28, 1981, 32 pages.

40 – October 5, 1981, 32 pages.

41 – October 12, 1981, 32 pages.

42 – October 19, 1981, 32 pages.

43 – October 26, 1981, 32 pages.

44 – November 2, 1981, 32 pages.

45 – November 9, 1981, 32 pages.

46 – November 16, 1981, 32 pages.

47 – November 23, 1981, 32 pages.

48 – November 30, 1981, 32 pages.

49 – December 7, 1981, 32 pages.

50 – December 14, 1981, 32 pages.

51 – December 21, 1981, 40 pages.

52 – December 28, 1981, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1981, 40 pages.

 

1982 – Volume 25

1 – January 4, 1982, 32 pages.

2 – January 11, 1982, 32 pages.

3 – January 18, 1982, 32 pages.

4 – January 25, 1982, 32 pages.

5 – February 1, 1982, 24 pages.

6 – February 8, 1982, 32 pages.

7 – February 15, 1982, 32 pages.

8 – February 22, 1982, 32 pages.

9 – March 1, 1982, 32 pages.

10 – March 8, 1982, 32 pages.

11 – March 15, 1982, 32 pages.

12 – March 22, 1982, 32 pages.

13 – March 29, 1982, 32 pages.

14 – April 5, 1982, 32 pages.

15 – April 12, 1982, 32 pages.

16 – April 19, 1982, 32 pages.

17 – April 26, 1982, 32 pages.

18 – May 3, 1982, 32 pages.

19 – May 10, 1982, 48 pages.

20 – May 17, 1982, 32 pages.

21 – May 24, 1982, 32 pages.

22 – May 31, 1982, 32 pages.

23 – June 7, 1982, 32 pages.

24 – June 14, 1982, 32 pages.

25 – June 21, 1982, 32 pages.

26 – June 28, 1982, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1982, 32 pages.

27 – July 5, 1982, 32 pages.

28 – July 12, 1982, 32 pages.

29 – July 19, 1982, 32 pages.

30 – July 26, 1982, 32 pages.

31 – August 2, 1982, 32 pages.

32 – August 9, 1982, 32 pages.

33 – August 16, 1982, 32 pages.

34 – August 23, 1982, 32 pages.

35 – August 30, 1982, 32 pages.

36 – September 6, 1982, 32 pages.

37 – September 13, 1982, 48 pages.

38 – September 20, 1982, 32 pages.

39 – September 27, 1982, 32 pages.

40 – October 4, 1982, 32 pages.

41 – October 11, 1982, 32 pages.

42 – October 18, 1982, 32 pages.

43 – October 25, 1982, 32 pages.

44 – November 1, 1982, 32 pages.

45 – November 8, 1982, 32 pages.

46 – November 15, 1982, 32 pages.

47 – November 22, 1982, 32 pages.

48 – November 29, 1982, 32 pages.

49 – December 6, 1982, 32 pages.

50 – December 13, 1982, 32 pages.

51 – December 20, 1982, 40 pages.

52 – December 27, 1982, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1982, 48 pages.

 

1983 – Volume 26

1 – January 3, 1983, 32 pages.

2 – January 10, 1983, 32 pages.

3 – January 17, 1983, 32 pages.

4 – January 24, 1983, 32 pages.

5 – January 31, 1983, 32 pages.

6 – February 7, 1983, 32 pages.

7 – February 14, 1983, 32 pages.

8 – February 21, 1983, 24 pages.

9 – February 28, 1983, 32 pages.

10 – March 7, 1983, 32 pages.

11 – March 14, 1983, 32 pages.

12 – March 21, 1983, 48 pages. Includes ‘The radiance of the great truth of Marxism lights our way forward’, by Hu Yaobang. Nominally a commemoration of the centenary of the death of Marx, but also a major statement of the revisionist line of the CCP, 16 pages.

13 – March 28, 1983, 32 pages.

14 – April 4, 1983, 32 pages.

15 – April 11, 1983, 32 pages.

16 – April 18, 1983, 40 pages.

17 – April 25, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

18 – May 2, 1983, 32 pages.

19 – May 9, 1983, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

20 – May 16, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

21 – May 23, 1983, 48 pages, includes a 16-page supplement: ‘The 6th Five-Year Plan (1981-85) of the People’s Republic of China for Economic and Social Development’ [First part.]

22 – May 30, 1983, 48 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 48 pages.

23 – June 6, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

24 – June 13, 1983, 32 pages.

25 – June 20, 1983, 32 pages.

26 – June 27, 1983, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1983, 48 pages.

27 – July 4, 1983, 48 pages, includes a 24-page supplement: ‘Report on the work of the Government’, by Zhao Ziyang.

28 – July 11, 1983, 48 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 48 pages.

29 – July 18, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

30 – July 25, 1983, 32 pages.

31 – August 1, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

32 – August 8, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

33 – August 15, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

34 – August 22, 1983, 32 pages.

35 – August 29, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

36 – September 5, 1983, 32 pages.

37 – September 12, 1983, 48 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 48 pages.

38 – September 19, 1983, 32 pages.

39 – September 26, 1983, 32 pages.

40 – October 3, 1983, 32 pages.

41 – October 10, 1983, 48 pages, includes 16-page supplement: ‘Regulations for the implementation of the law of the People’s Republic of China on joint ventures using Chinese and Foreign investment’ (September 20, 1983)

42 – October 17, 1983, 40 pages, includes 12-page supplement: ‘The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Party Consolidation (October 11, 1983). [I.e., on ‘rectifying’ or purging any remaining Party members with Maoist revolutionary sympathies.]

43 – October 24, 1983, 32 pages.

44 – October 31, 1983, 32 pages.

45 – November 7, 1983, 32 pages.

46 – November 14, 1983, 32 pages.

47 – November 21, 1983, 32 pages.

48 – November 28, 1983, 32 pages.

49 – December 5, 1983, 32 pages.

50 – December 12, 1983, 32 pages.

51 – December 19, 1983, 32 pages.

52 – December 26, 1983, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1983, 48 pages.

 

1984 – Volume 27

1 – January 2, 1984, 36 pages.

2 – January 9, 1984, 36 pages.

3 – January 16, 1984, 36 pages.

4 – January 23, 1984, 36 pages.

5-6 – January 30, 1984, 44 pages.

7 – February 13, 1984, 36 pages.

8 – February 20, 1984, 36 pages.

9 – February 27, 1984, 36 pages.

10 – March 5, 1984, 36 pages.

11 – March 12, 1984, 36 pages.

12 – March 19, 1984, 36 pages.

13 – March 26, 1984, 36 pages.

14 – April 2, 1984, 36 pages.

15 – April 9, 1984, 44 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China’ (March 12, 1984), 8 pages.

16 – April 16, 1984, 40 pages.

17 – April 23, 1984, 36 pages.

18 – April 30, 1984, 36 pages.

19 – May 7, 1984, 36 pages.

20 – May 14, 1984, 44 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Communique on fulfilment of China’s 1983 National Economic Plan’, by the State Statistical Bureau, 12 pages.

21 – May 21, 1984, 36 pages.

22 – May 28, 1984, 36 pages.

23 – June 4, 1984, 36 pages.

24 – June 11, 1984, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Report on the work of the Government’, by Zhao Ziyang, at the 2nd Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress, May 15, 1984, 16 pages.

25 – June 18, 1984, 44 pages, includes two internal supplements: ‘Independent and peaceful foreign policy’ (3 pages) and ‘Expanding economic exchanges and promoting common prosperity’ (4 pages) Relating to the policy of ‘opening up’ China to foreign investment.

26 – June 25, 1984, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1984,

27 – July 2, 1984, 36 pages.

28 – July 9, 1984, 40 pages.

29 – July 16, 1984, 36 pages includes the article ‘Investment environment seen as favourable’, by Gu Ming, discussing the political and legal changes from 1979 on which opened up China to foreign investment.

30 – July 23, 1984, 36 pages.

31 – July 30, 1984, 36 pages.

32 – August 6, 1984, 36 pages.

33 – August 13, 1984, 36 pages.

34 – August 20 1984, 28 pages.

35 – August 27 1984, 52 pages includes the 20-page article ‘China’s industry on the upswing’, by Lu Dong, which includes charts and statistics admitting that the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was overall actually a period of rapid economic growth.

36 – September 3, 1984, 36 pages.

37 – September 10, 1984, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

38 – September 17, 1984, 36 pages.

39 – September 24, 1984, 36 pages.

40 – October 1, 1984, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Sino-British joint declaration on the question of Hong Kong’, 20 pages.

41 – October 8, 1984, 40 pages.

42 – October 15, 1984, 36 pages.

43 – October 22, 1984, 36 pages.

44 – October 29, 1984, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on reform of the economic structure’, adopted by the 12th Central Committee of the CCP at its Third Plenary Session on October 20, 1984, 16 pages.

45 – November 5, 1984, 36 pages.

46 – November 12, 1984, 36 pages.

47 – November 19, 1984, 36 pages.

48 – November 26, 1984, 36 pages.

49 – December 3, 1984, 36 pages.

50 – December 10, 1984, 36 pages.

51 – December 17, 1984, 36 pages.

52 – December 24, 1984, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1984, 52 pages.

 

1985 – Volume 28

1 – January 7, 1985, 48 pages.

2 – January 14, 1985, 36 pages.

3 – January 21, 1985, 36 pages.

4 – January 28, 1985, 36 pages.

5 – February 4, 1985, 36 pages.

6 – February 11, 1985, 36 pages.

7-8 – February 18, 1985, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Regulations on implementing the Patent Law of the PRC’, 14 pages.

9 – March 4, 1985, 40 pages.

10 – March 11, 1985, 36 pages.

11 – March 18, 1985, 36 pages.

12 – March 25, 1985, 44 pages.

13 – April 1, 1985, 36 pages.

14 – April 1, 1985, 36 pages.

15 – April 8, 1985, 36 pages.

16 – April 15, 1985, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘The current economic situation and the reform of the economic structure’, by Zhao Ziyang, 16 pages.

17 – April 22, 1985, 44 pages, includes two internal supplements: ‘Report on the execution of the State Budget for 1984 and on the Draft State Budget for 1985’ (3 pages), and ‘Report on the Draft 1985 Plan for National Economic and Social Development’ (5 pages).

18 – May 6, 1985, 36 pages.

19 – May 13, 1985, 36 pages.

20 – May 20, 1985, 36 pages.

21 – May 27, 1985, 36 pages.

22 – June 3, 1985, 40 pages.

23 – June 10, 1985, 36 pages. [Some water damage making a few words illegible.]

24 – June 17, 1985, 36 pages.

25 – June 24, 1985, 36 pages.

26 – July 1, 1985, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1985, 44 pages.

27 – July 8, 1985, 52 pages, includes two internal supplements: ‘Foreign economic contract law of the PRC’ (4 pages), and ‘The accounting regulations of the PRC for the joint ventures using Chinese and foreign Investment’ (12 pages).

28 – July 15, 1985, 36 pages.

29 – July 22, 1985, 36 pages.

30 – July 29, 1985, 36 pages.

31 – August 5, 1985, 32 pages.

32 – August 12, 1985, 36 pages.

33 – August 19, 1985, 36 pages.

34 – August 26, 1985, 40 pages.

35 – September 2, 1985, 36 pages.

36 – September 9, 1985, 36 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘China pledges to maintain world peace’, by Peng Zhen, 8 pages.

37 – September 16, 1985, 36 pages.

38 – September 23, 1985, 36 pages.

39 – September 30, 1985, 36 pages.

40 – October 7, 1985, 44 pages, includes two internal supplements: ‘Explanation of the Proposal for the Seventh Five-Year Plan’, by Zhao Ziyang (5 pages) and ‘Proposal of the CC of the CCP for the Seventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development’ (19 pages).

41 – October 14, 1985, 36 pages.

42 – October 21, 1985, 36 pages.

43 – October 28, 1985, 36 pages.

44 – November 4, 1985, 36 pages.

45 – November 11, 1985, 36 pages.

46 – November 18, 1985, 36 pages.

47 – November 25, 1985, 36 pages.

48 – December 2, 1985, 36 pages.

49 – December 9, 1985, 36 pages.

50 – December 16, 1985, 36 pages.

51 – December 23, 1985, 36 pages.

52 – December 30, 1985, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1985, 44 pages.

 

1986 – Volume 29

1 – January 6, 1986, 52 pages.

2 – January 13, 1986, 40 pages.

3 – January 20, 1986, 36 pages.

4 – January 27, 1986, 36 pages.

5 – February 3, 1986, 36 pages.

6-7 – February 10, 1986, 52 pages.

8 – February 24, 1986, 40 pages.

9 – March 3, 1986, 36 pages.

10 – March 10, 1986, 36 pages.

11 – March 17, 1986, 36 pages.

12 – March 24, 1986, 44 pages.

13 – March 31, 1986, 40 pages.

14 – April 7, 1986, 36 pages.

15 – April 14, 1986, 36 pages.

16 – April 21, 1986, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Report on the Seventh Five-Year Plan’, by Premier Zhao Ziyang, 20 pages.

17 – April 28, 1986, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘The Seventh Five-Year Plan of the PRC for Economic and Social Development (1986-1990): Excerpts’, 24 pages.

18 – May 5, 1986, 40 pages.

19 – May 12, 1986, 36 pages.

20 – May 19, 1986, 44 pages.

21 – May 26, 1986, 36 pages.

22 – June 2, 1986, 36 pages.

23 – June 9, 1986, 36 pages.

24 – June 16, 1986, 40 pages.

25 – June 23, 1986, 36 pages.

26 – June 30, 1986, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1986, 44 pages.

27 – July 7, 1986, 36 pages.

28 – July 14, 1986, 40 pages.

29 – July 21, 1986, 36 pages.

30 – July 28, 1986, 32 pages.

31 – August 4, 1986, 36 pages.

32 – August 11, 1986, 36 pages.

33 – August 18, 1986, 36 pages.

34 – August 25, 1986, 32 pages.

35 – September 1, 1986, 36 pages.

36 – September 8, 1986, 36 pages.

37 – September 15, 1986, 36 pages.

38 – September 22, 1986, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

39 – September 29, 1986, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

40 – October 6, 1986, 44 pages. Includes internal supplement: ‘Resolution of the CC of the CPC on the guiding principles of building a Socialist society with an advanced culture and ideology’, adopted by the 6th Plenary Session of the 12th CC on Sept. 28, 1986, 8 pages.

41 – October 13, 1986, 36 pages.

42 – October 20, 1986, 36 pages. Includes the article: ‘China improves climate for foreign investment’ (p. 5).

43 – October 27, 1986, 36 pages.

44 – November 3, 1986, 40 pages.

45 – November 10, 1986, 36 pages.

46 – November 17, 1986, 36 pages.

47 – November 24, 1986, 36 pages.

48 – December 1, 1986, 36 pages. Includes the article: ‘A probe into theories backing China’s reform’, an academic discussion designed to further camouflage and ‘justify’ the transition back to capitalism (pp. 14-15).

49 – December 8, 1986, 36 pages. Includes the article: ‘Socialist features re-examined’, by Zhao Yao, reinterpreting socialism away from the Maoist understanding of it as a transition period between capitalism and communism (pp. 14-15).

50 – December 15, 1986, 36 pages.

51 – December 22, 1986, 36 pages.

52 – December 29, 1986, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1986, 44 pages.

 

1987 – Volume 30

1 – January 5, 1987, 40 pages.

2 – January 12, 1987, 36 pages.

North American edition, issue 2, 44 pages. (Includes 8 pages of material especially for North America.)

3 – January 19, 1987, 36 pages.

4 – January 26, 1987, 36 pages.

5-6 – February 9, 1987, 44 pages.

7 – February 16, 1987, 36 pages.

8 – February 23, 1987, 36 pages.

9 – March 2, 1987, 40 pages, includes: ‘Communique on the Statistics of 1986 Economic and Social Development’ (7 p.)

10 – March 9, 1987, 36 pages.

11 – March 16, 1987, 36 pages.

12 – March 23, 1987, 36 pages.

13 – March 30, 1987, 44 pages.

14 – April 6, 1987, 44 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration on the Question of Macao’, 12 pages.

15 – April 13, 1987, 36 pages.

16 – April 20, 1987, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Report on the work of the Government’, by Premier Zhao Ziyang, 20 pages.

17 – April 27, 1987, 48 pages, includes internal supplements: ‘Report on the Draft 1987 Plan for National Economic and Social Development (Excerpts)’, by Song Ping, 4 pages; and ‘Report on the implementation of the State Budget for 1986 and the Draft State Budget for 1987 (Excerpts)’, by Wang Bingqian, 4 pages.

18 – May 4, 1987, 40 pages.

19 – May 11, 1987, 36 pages.

20 – May 18, 1987, 36 pages.

21 – May 25, 1987, 36 pages.

22 – June 1, 1987, 36 pages.

23 – June 8, 1987, 36 pages.

24 – June 15, 1987, 36 pages.

25 – June 22, 1987, 36 pages.

26 – June 29, 1987, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1987, 44 pages.

27 – July 6, 1987, 36 pages.

28 – July 13, 1987, 36 pages.

29 – July 20, 1987, 36 pages.

30 – July 27, 1987, 36 pages.

31 – August 3, 1987, 36 pages.

32 – August 10, 1987, 36 pages.

33 – August 17, 1987, 36 pages.

34 – August 24, 1987, 28 pages.

35 – August 31, 1987, 36 pages.

36 – September 7, 1987, 36 pages.

37 – September 14, 1987, 36 pages.

38 – September 21, 1987, 36 pages.

39 – September 28, 1987, 36 pages.

40 – October 5, 1987, 36 pages.

41 – October 12, 1987, 36 pages.

42 – October 19, 1987, 36 pages.

43 – October 26-November 1, 1987, 36 pages.

44 – November 2-8, 1987, 36 pages.

45 – November 9-15, 1987, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Advance along the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’, report presented by Zhao Ziyang at the 13th National Congress of the CCP on October 25, 1978, 27 pages.

46 – November 16-22, 1987, 44 pages.

47 – November 23-29, 1987, 40 pages.

48 – November 30-December 6, 1987, 36 pages.

49 – December 7-13, 1987, 36 pages.

50 – December 14-20, 1987, 36 pages.

51 – December 21-27, 1987, 40 pages.

52 – December 28, 1987-January 3, 1988, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1987, 52 pages.

 

1988 – Volume 31

1 – January 4-10, 1988, 36 pages.

2 – January 11-17, 1988, 36 pages.

3 – January 18-24, 1988, 36 pages.

4 – January 25-31, 1988, 36 pages.

5 – February 1-7, 1988, 36 pages.

6 – February 8-14, 1988, 36 pages.

7-8 – February 15-28, 1988, 40 pages.

9 – February 29-March 6, 1988, 36 pages.

10 – March 7-13, 1988, 44 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Statistics for 1987 Socio-Economic Development’, 8 pages.

11 – March 14-20, 1988, 40 pages.

12 – March 21-27, 1988, 40 pages.

13 – March 28-April 3, 1988, 36 pages.

14 – April 4-10, 1988, 40 pages.

15 – April 11-17, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

16 – April 18-24, 1988, 40 pages. Missing front and back covers.

17 – April 25-May 1, 1988, 50 pages. Missing back cover.

18 – May 2-8, 1988, 40 pages.

19 – May 9-15, 1988, 52 pages.

20 – May 16-22, 1988, 42 pages. Missing back cover. Includes internal supplement: ‘Report on the Draft 1988 Plan for National Economic and Social Development.

21 – May 23-29, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

22 – May 30-June 5, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

23 – June 6-12, 1988, 32 pages. Missing both front and back covers.

24 – June 13-19, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

25 – June 20-26, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover. Includes: ‘Law of the PRC on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures’, 4 pages.

26 – June 27-July 3, 1988, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1988, 42 pages. Missing back cover.

27 – July 4-10, 1988, 34 pages. Missing front cover.

28 – July 11-17, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

29 – July 18-24, 1988, 40 pages.

30 – July 25-31, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

31 – August 1-7, 1988, 26 pages. Missing back cover.

32 – August 8-14, 1988, 28 pages.

33 – August 15-21, 1988, 36 pages.

34 – August 22-28, 1988, 36 pages.

35 – August 29-September 4, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

36 – September 5-11, 1988, 36 pages.

37 – September 12-18, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

38 – September 19-25, 1988, 35 pages. Missing back cover.

39 – September 26-October 2, 1988, 36 pages. Back cover photo upside down.

40 – October 3-9, 1988, 36 pages.

41 – October 10-16, 1988, 36 pages.

42 – October 17-23, 1988, 36 pages.

43 – October 24-30, 1988, 36 pages.

44 – October 31-November 6, 1988, 36 pages.

45 – November 7-13, 1988, 36 pages.

46 – November 14-20, 1988, 44 pages , includes articles: ‘Re-understanding Capitalism’ and ‘The privatization of urban housing’ as well as the internal supplement: ‘Report to the Third Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee’, by Zhao Ziyang, 8 pages.

47 – November 21-27, 1988, 36 pages.

48 – November 28-December 4, 1988, 36 pages.

49 – December 5-11, 1988, 36 pages.

50 – December 12-18, 1988, 36 pages.

51 – December 19-25, 1988, 36 pages, includes: ‘The reform of China’s labour system’, about the mass lay-offs from state-owned enterprises, etc.

52 – December 26, 1988 – January 1, 1989, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1988, 44 pages.

 

1989 – Volume 32

1 – January 2-8, 1989, 36 pages.

2 – January 9-15, 1989, 36 pages.

3 – January 16-22, 1989, 36 pages.

4 – January 23-29, 1989, 36 pages.

5 – January 30-February 5, 1989, 36 pages.

6 – February 6-12, 1989, 36 pages.

7-8 – February 13-26, 1989, 52 pages.

9 – February 27-March 5, 1989, 36 pages.

10 – March 6-12, 1989, 52 pages, includes 4 internal supplements (16 pages): ‘Statistics for 1988 Socio-Economic Development’; ‘Interim regulations on private enterprises of the People’s Republic of China’; and 2 others.

11 – March 13-19, 1989, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Basic Law of HKSAR,PRC (Draft)’ [Hong Kong], 16 pages.

12 – March 20-26, 1989, 36 pages.

13 – March 27-April 2, 1989, 36 pages.

14 – April 3-9, 1989, 36 pages.

15 – April 10-16, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

16 – April 17-23, 1989, 52 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 52 pages.

17 – April 24-30, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

18 – April 24-30, 1989, The official government condemnations of the world-famous student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square begin in this issue. 52 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 52 pages.

19 – May 8-14, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

20 – May 15-21, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

21 – May 22-28, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

22 – May 29-June 4, 1989, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

23 – June 5-11, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

24-25 – June 12-25, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

26 – June 26-July 2, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

27 – July 3-9, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

28 – July 10-16, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

29 – July 17-23, 1989, 52 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 52 pages.

30 – July 24-30, 1989, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

31 – July 31-August 6, 1989, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

32 – August 7-13, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

33 – August 14-20, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

34 – August 21-27, 1989, 28 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 28 pages.

35 – August 28-September 3, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

36 – September 4-10, 1989, 36 pages, includes the absurd 1-page article ‘Why China will not practise privatization”, by Jin Qi, attempting to discount both the massive privatization occurring during this period and also the state capitalist relations of production of even that part of industry which was not being privatized.

37 – September 11-17, 1989, 36 pages.

38 – September 18-24, 1989, 36 pages.

39 – September 25-October 1, 1989, 36 pages.

40 – October 2-8, 1989, 56 pages. Includes a lot of statistical information.

41 – October 9-15, 1989, 52 pages.

42 – October 16-22, 1989, 36 pages.

43 – October 23-29, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

44 – October 30-November 5, 1989, 36 pages, includes the article: ‘China announces foreign debts for the first time’ (p. 29).

45 – November 6-12, 1989, 36 pages.

46 – November 13-19, 1989, 36 pages.

47 – November 20-26, 1989, 56 pages.

48 – November 27-December 3, 1989, 36 pages.

49 – December 4-10, 1989, 36 pages.

50 – December 11-17, 1989, 36 pages.

51 – December 18-24, 1989, 36 pages.

52 – December 25-31, 1989, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1989, 52 pages.

 

1990 – Volume 33

1 – January 1-7, 1990, 36 pages.

2 – January 8-14, 1990, 36 pages.

3 – January 15-21, 1990, 36 pages.

4 – January 22-28, 1990, 36 pages.

5-6 – January 29-February 11, 1990, 40 pages.

7 – February 12-18, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplement: ‘Decision on further improving the economic environment, straightening out the economic order and deepening the reforms’, 16 pages.

8 – February 19-25, 1990, 36 pages.

9 – February 26-March 4, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplement: ‘Statistics for China’s National Socio-Economic Development in 1989’, 8 pages.

10 – March 5-11, 1990, 36 pages.

11 – March 12-18, 1990, 36 pages.

12 – March 19-25, 1990, 36 pages.

13 – March 26-April 1, 1990, 36 pages.

14 – April 2-8, 1990, 36 pages.

15 – April 9-15, 1990, 36 pages.

16 – April 16-22, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplement: ‘Continue to work for stable political, economic and social development in China – report on the work of the Government’, by Premier Li Peng, 24 pages.

17 – April 23-29, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplements: ‘Report on implementation of the 1989 Plan for National Development and the Draft 1990 Plan’, by Zou Jiahua, 8 pages; and ‘Report on the implementation of the State Budget for 1989 and on the Draft State Budget for 1990’, by Wang Bingqian, 6 pages.

18 – April 30-May 6, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplement: ‘The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China’, and related documents, 24 pages.

19 – May 7-13, 1990, 36 pages.

20 – May 14-20, 1990, 36 pages.

21 – May 21-27, 1990, 36 pages.

22 – May 28-June 3, 1990, 48 pages, includes a 12-page special section on the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone as an ‘ideal place for foreign investment’.

23 – June 4-10, 1990, 36 pages.

24 – June 11-17, 1990, 36 pages.

25 – June 18-24, 1990, 36 pages.

26 – June 25-July 1, 1990, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1990, 52 pages.

27 – July 2-8, 1990, 36 pages.

28 – July 9-15, 1990, 36 pages.

29 – July 16-22, 1990, 36 pages.

30 – July 23-29, 1990, 40 pages.

31 – July 30-August 5, 1990, 36 pages.

32 – August 6-12, 1990, 28 pages.

33 – August 13-19, 1990, 36 pages.

Second copy , 36 pages.

34 – August 20-26, 1990, 44 pages.

35 – August 27-September 2, 1990, 36 pages.

36 – September 3-9, 1990, 36 pages.

37 – September 10-16, 1990, 36 pages.

38 – September 17-23, 1990, 36 pages.

39 – September 24-30, 1990, 36 pages.

40 – October 1-7, 1990, 36 pages.

41 – October 8-14, 1990, 36 pages.

42 – October 15-21, 1990, 40 pages.

43 – October 22-28, 1990, 36 pages.

44 – October 29-November 4, 1990, 36 pages.

45 – November 5-11, 1990, 36 pages.

46 – November 12-18, 1990, 36 pages.

47 – November 19-25, 1990, 36 pages.

48 – November 26-December 2, 1990, 36 pages.

49 – December 3-9, 1990, 36 pages.

50 – December 10-16, 1990, 36 pages.

51 – December 17-23, 1990, 40 pages.

52 – December 24-30, 1990, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1990, 52 pages.

 

1991 – Volume 34

1 – January 7-13, 1991, 36 pages, includes: ‘Communique of the 7th Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the CCP’, 3 pages.

2 – January 14-20, 1991, 36 pages, includes: ‘China opens first Securities Exchange’ [stock market], 2 pages.

3 – January 21-27, 1991, 36 pages.

4 – January 28-February 3, 1991, 36 pages.

5 – February 4-10, 1991, 36 pages.

6 – February 11-17, 1991, 36 pages.

7-8 – February 18-March 3, 1991, 56 pages.

9 – March 4-10, 1991, 36 pages.

10 – March 11-17, 1991, 52 pages, includes: ‘Economic restructuring in the 1990s’, 2 pages; and ‘Statistical Communique of the State Statistical Bureau…’, 8 pages.

11 – March 18-24, 1991, 36 pages.

12 – March 25-31, 1991, 36 pages.

13 – April 1-7, 1991, 36 pages.

14 – April 8-14, 1991, 36 pages, includes: ‘Development of China’s Special Economic Zones’, 7 pages.

15 – April 15-21, 1991, 52 pages includes article: ‘China to enact its Copyright Law’, 1 page; and ‘Report on the Outline of the Ten-Year Programme and of the Eighth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development’, by Premier Li Peng, 24 pages.

16 – April 22-28, 1991, 52 pages, includes: ‘Report on the implementation of the 1990 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Draft 1991 Plan’, by Zou Jiahua, 32 pages; and a report on the 1990 & 1991 state budgets.

17 – April 29-May 5, 1991, 36 pages.

18 – May 6-12, 1991, 36 pages, includes short article: ‘China raises food prices’.

19 – May 13-19, 1991, 36 pages.

20 – May 20-26, 1991, 40 pages.

21 – May 27-June 2, 1991, 36 pages.

22 – June 3-9, 1991, 36 pages.

23 – June 10-16, 1991, 40 pages.

24 – June 17-23, 1991, 36 pages.

25 – June 24-30, 1991, 36 pages.

26 – July 1-7, 1991, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1991, 52 pages.

27 – July 8-14, 1991, 52 pages, includes: ‘Building Socialism the Chinese Way’”, speech by Jiang Zemin, July 1, 1991, 18 pages.

28 – July 15-21, 1991, 36 pages, includes: ‘How has the CPC developed Marxism?’, by Hu Qiaomu, 6 pages. [Item 8 on this list consists of the capitalist-road methods of economic ‘reforms’ and ‘opening up’; item 9 is the ‘socialist commodity economy’ (i.e. so-called ‘market socialism’]

29 – July 22-28, 1991, 36 pages.

30 – July 29-August 4, 1991, 52 pages.

31 – August 5-11, 1991, 36 pages.

32 – August 12-18, 1991, 36 pages.

33 – August 19-25, 1991, 36 pages.

34 – August 26-September 1, 1991, 36 pages.

35 – September 2-8, 1991, 36 pages.

More on China …..

Remnants of religious thinking in Albanian Socialist Art

Bule Naipi's blouse

Bule Naipi’s blouse

More on Albania …..

View of the world

Ukraine – what you’re not told

Remnants of religious thinking in Albanian Socialist Art

The contents of a small display case in the Gjirokaster Prison Museum pose a question of significance for an understanding of Socialist Realist Art in Albania in the past and the challenges facing those who want to create an art that is free from the superstitions and negative influence of capitalism (as well as that from previous repressive social systems) in the future.

One of the problems that all societies that have tried to build Socialism have had to face is the problem of the old ideas preventing the development and growth of the new. However fervent a revolutionary might be the influence of the old repressive system will always be there, in the way we act, speak and think. That, in itself, isn’t a problem. Just as we can’t control the way we look we can’t totally control the influence that the traditions and the culture under which we grew up have upon us, even though we might not like it. Those old ideas and traditions only become a problem if they prevent us from looking at the world in a different light under a system that seeks to end oppression and exploitation forever.

The revolution can change the structure and direction of society it is for us to change ourselves.

This is the reason for the ‘cultural revolutions’ that have taken place, to a greater or lesser extent, in all societies that considered themselves Socialist. That in China, between 1966 and 1976, described as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, is the most well known due to the dominance it had in society in the final years of Chairman Mao‘s life but they also took place in other countries seeking to build Socialism.

In Albania the cultural revolution manifested itself in a number of ways. The construction of the lapidars which commemorated those who died in the struggle for Liberation against Italian and then German fascism, together with those that sought to celebrate some of the achievements of the revolution were all part of that. As were the paintings that were produced, a great number of examples of which were on display in the National Art Gallery in Tirana in 2021. Many others can be seen in various locations, museums and art galleries throughout the country but many are also being allowed to fall into a sad state of repair.

That’s unfortunate for those who like and appreciate such works of art but at the same time their demise is all part of the class war and at the moment, in Albania, it is capitalism which is the ascendant. The lack of care of the lapidars, sometimes to the extent of wanton political vandalism, is also a reflection of society as it is and not as we would like it to be.

The declaration of Albania as an atheist state in 1968 was also part of Albania’s ‘cultural revolution’. Although, so far, I have come across few examples of the art produced that were part of that anti-religion campaign the painting by M Jorgji, created in 1975, is a good example of how the campaign was carried out.

Anti-Orthodox Church

Anti-Orthodox Church

An Orthodox priest is surrounded by villagers and he is being forced to face his crimes, and the abuses of power, he had inflicted upon, in this case, the rights of women and girls. The somewhat long slogan written on the red banner at the top says it all;

The whole Party and the country must rise to their feet, burn fiercely and behead anyone who tramples on the sacred law of the Party for the protection of the rights of women and girls.

This was a direct attack upon the church that had been using, and abusing, its power for centuries and was an important, not to say crucial, aspect of the struggle against superstition and metaphysical ideas. However, that shouldn’t have been the be all and end all of the campaign.

Such a cultural revolution has to change the thinking of the population as a whole – and that includes those artists whose task it was to promote a new view of the world.

However, some of those artists, either consciously or unconsciously, carried their old, out-dated ideas into their work in the new society. And, to the best of my knowledge, such ‘transgressions’ (if I might use that loaded term) were either not recognised or certainly not openly criticised and publicly exposed.

Here we will look at an example of where this ‘old thinking’ manifested itself in few examples related to the murder of two Partisan women by the the German Nazis in the town of Gjirokaster in 1944.

Bule’s blouse

I don’t know if I’ve missed it in the past but on my most recent visit to the Gjirokaster Prison Museum there was a small glass case which contained a colourful woman’s blouse.

This is displayed with the label which says in Albanian;

Me keto rroba fshataret e Lazaratit e maskuan Bule Naipin ne fshat me 1944 per to mbrojtur nga Nazistet Gjermane

in English;

With these clothes the Lazarat villagers disguised Bule Naipi in the village in 1944 to protect her from the German Nazis

I’m assuming that this display case, with its arrangement and label were produced during the period of Socialist construction in Albania, to label seems to indicate so.

This blouse is displayed just under the sculpture, made by Odhise Paskali, of a twin bust of the two murdered women. In the case, towards the top, is a short piece of knotted rope.

And its the rope that introduces an interesting aspect of Albanian Socialist Realist sculpture (less so in the paintings) which demonstrates the task that a future Socialist society has to deal with when it comes to matters of culture.

By including the rope – in the glass case with the blouse, around the necks of the two young women in the sculpture above the case, as well as the statue that used to stand (and should be returned once the work is completed) in Sheshi Çerçiz Topulli – there is a very clear reference to (Catholic) religious art going back centuries.

In countless Catholic churches, throughout the world, you will encounter images of the saints together with the instruments of their torture and eventual death. The prime, and ubiquitous, example of this is, of course, Christ on the cross.

And this ‘tradition’ seeped into the work of some of the painters and sculptors when they came to produce works of art which I have included in the blog under the heading ‘Socialist Realism’.

A number of the works of Odhise Paskali contain such religious imagery – the most notable example being his sculpture in the Përmet Martyrs’ Cemetery. Here we have a group of three Partisans, one mortally wounded and a male and a female Partisan tending to and comforting him. This is an EXACT replica of countless images of the Deposition of Christ from the Cross as seen in many churches, especially in Spain and Italy – those being the most Catholic of the European states.

Now it can be said, and it was probably why he got away with it, that Paskali was already a mature, experienced and renowned sculptor before the Liberation of Albania in 1944. He was born in 1903 and even before the establishment of Socialism his work was on display in various locations in Albania.

His major works (many of which are included in the Albanian Lapidar Survey) are;

ALS 123 – Nationalist Fighter – Korça (1937)

ALS 244 – Comrades – Martyrs’ Cemetery – Përmet (1964)

ALS 246 – Monument dedicated to the creation of peoples’ power – Përmet (1964)

ALS 276 – Monument to the Martyrs of Kolonje – Ersekë (1938)

ALS 590 – Monument dedicated to the Assembly of Lezha – Lezha (1968)

Bust to Vojo Kushi in Tirana

The statue of Cerciz Topulli (1932, bronze) which stands in the square that bears his name in Gjirokaster Old Town.

The large ‘Skenderberg’ statue (bronze), 1968, in Tirana main square, in collaboration with Janaq Paço and Andrea Mano.

He also created ‘The Triumphant Partisan’ (1968). This depicts a Nazi soldier being forced to the ground by an Albanian Communist Partisan. The original is at the Mauthausan Concentration Camp in Austria – where many Albanians were taken if captured. There’s a copy in the Castle Museum in Gjirokaster.

As well as the bust of ‘The Two Heroines‘ – Bule Naipi and Persefoni Kokëdhima.

Not all of these are loaded with religious imagery but it was certainly a not uncommon aspect of his work.

And this religious influence can be seen in other, much later lapidars created by younger artists who had been brought up and educated under the Socialist system. One clear example of this is the statue at the Lushnjë Martyrs’ Cemetery, created by Maksim Bushi in 1984. Bushi wasn’t born until 4 years after Liberation but take away the gun and change the uniform to a blue cloak and you have the Madonna and Child – again very common in Catholic churches.

So this just goes to illustrate the struggle that is necessary (and the time required) for the working class to develop a body of art that truly represents their interests, clear of any metaphysical content. A new type of art, with its own symbolism and establishing its own traditions.

More on Albania …..

View of the world

Ukraine – what you’re not told

Writings of leaders of the Communist Party of China

9th Congress of the CPC

9th Congress of the CPC

More on China …..

View of the world

Ukraine – what you’re not told

Writings of leaders of the Communist Party of China

Multiple Authors

Ten Glorious Years – 1949-1959, FLP, Peking, 1960, 384 pages. Essays by 19 important Chinese leaders (other than Mao) on the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, including: Liu Shao-chi, Chou En-lai, Lin Piao, Teng Hsiao-ping, Soong Ching Ling, Chen Yi, Li Fu-chun, Ho Lung, Li Hsien-nien, Ko Ching-shih, Li Ching-chuan, Ulanfu, Kang Sheng, Po I-po, Wang Chia-hsing, Liu Lan-tao, Teng Tse-hui, Nieh Jung-chen, and Lo Jui-ching.

Chen Boda [Chen Po-ta] (1904-1989)

One of the prime leaders of the Cultural Revolution – might have been attacked by being close to Lin Piao by the right in the Party, exemplified by Chou En-lai. Tried by the ‘capitalist-roaders’ after the death of Chairman Mao for his connection and friendship with the so-called ‘Gang of Four’ – the revolutionaries in the Party.

Notes on Mao Tse-tung’s ‘Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan’, Chen Po-ta, FLP, Peking 1966, 66 pages. Written in the spring of 1944. The 3rd Chinese edition appeared in 1953, and this is the 2nd revised English translation of that edition.

Mao Tse-tung on the Chinese Revolution, Chen Po-ta, FLP, Peking 1953, 96 pages. Written in April 1951.

Stalin and the Chinese Revolution, Chen Po-ta, April 21, 1952, FLP, Peking 1953, 68 pages. Focuses on Stalin’s contributions in the 1920s to the development of the Chinese Revolution.

A Study of Land Rent in Pre-Liberation China, Chen Po-ta, FLP, Peking 1966, 120 pages. 2nd edition, revised translation. This work was originally written in 1945-46, and later revised and published in its first Chinese edition in 1952. The first English edition appeared in 1958.

Explanatory Notes to the Draft Decisions on Agricultural Co-operation, Chen Po-ta, FLP, Peking 1956. A speech delivered on October 4, 1955 at the Sixth Plenary Session (Enlarged) of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Included in the pamphlet Decisions on Agricultural Co-operation, on pages 35-55.

Yugoslav Revisionism – Product of Imperialist Policy, Chen Po-ta, FLP, Peking 1958, 17 pages. An article which originally appeared (in Chinese) in Hongqi [Red Flag], June 1 1958. This English version is from the pamphlet In Refutation of Modern Revisionism.

Chen Yi (1901-1972)

Foreign Minister Chen Yi’s Statement Refuting Dulles’ Speech at the U.N. General Assembly, September 20 1958., FLP, Peking 1958, 83 pages. Included in the pamphlet Oppose U.S. Military Provocations in the Taiwan Straits Area – A selection of important documents, pages 9-13.

Kang Sheng (1898-1975)

Yugoslav Revisionism is just what U.S. Imperialism needs, Kang Sheng, FLP, Peking 1958, 13 pages. An article which originally appeared in Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily], June 14 1958. This English version is from the pamphlet In Refutation of Modern Revisionism.

Wang Jiaxiang [Wang Chia-hsiang]

In Refutation of Modern Revisionism’s Reactionary Theory of the State, Wang Chia-hsiang, FLP, Peking 1958, 19 pages. An article which originally appeared in Hongqi [Red Flag], June 16 1958. This English version is from the pamphlet In Refutation of Modern Revisionism.

Wang Ming (1904-1974)

The Revolutionary Movement in the Colonial Countries, Wang Ming, Workers Library Publishers, New York, 1935, 68 pages. The revised copy of the speech given on August 7 1935 in Moscow at the Seventh World Congress of the Communist International.

China can win! The new stage in the aggression of Japanese Imperialism and the new period in the struggle of the Chinese People, Wang Ming, Workers Library Publishers, New York, 1937, 52 pages.

More on China …..

View of the world

Ukraine – what you’re not told