Hóngqí [Red Flag] Magazine – the Theoretical Journal of the Communist Party of China (1958-1977)

Posted on 30/12/2024 by Michael

Red Flag

Hóngqí [Red Flag] Magazine – the Theoretical Journal of the Communist Party of China (1958-1977)

Hóngqí [Red Flag] was the Chinese language theoretical journal of the Communist Party of China from 1958 to 1988. Depending on the year it usually appeared monthly or twice-monthly. During the early-middle part of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution its publication was suspended (from December 1967 to July 1968) but after it resumed publication it again became an extremely important revolutionary leadership force during the rest of the Maoist socialist era along with the newspapers People’s Daily and People’s Liberation Army Daily.

Hóngqí was given its name by Mao and the Chinese characters used for the journal’s masthead were in Mao’s calligraphy. Its first editor was Mao’s secretary Chen Boda. It was the successor to the earlier CCP theoretical journal Xuexi [Study]. The capitalist-roaders replaced the by-then already totally revisionist Hóngqí journal with a new twice-monthly journal Qiúshì [‘Seeking Truth’] in July 1988.

The Joint Publications Research Service of the U.S. government translated into English many articles from issues of Hóngqí published during and after the Mao era and also many entire issues. We have made as many of these translated issues and articles as we can locate available here. However readers should keep in mind that these translations are unofficial and may not be entirely reliable.

A page for issues of Hóngqí in the years 1977-1988, which were published by the capitalist-roaders after Mao’s death, can be found here.

Below we only include those issues for which we have an English translation. A much more complete collection of the magazine in Chinese can be found on the bannedthought website at Hóngqí [Red Flag] Magazine.

Theoretical and polemical documents can also be found in the pages of Peking Review, published weekly during the period of the construction of Socialism.

1958:

No English versions available.

1959:

No. 23 48 pages, with these articles:

The problem of being ‘Red’ and ‘Expert’ is a problem of world viewpoint
The slogan of so-called ‘Freedom, Equality, Fraternity’
Carry out the revolution in the organization of production in the coal mining enterprises
One result of the labor competitions: introducing experiences of competition in technical demonstrations at Anshan
Use natural resources as effectively as possible in serving the cause of Socialist construction

No. 24 27 pages, with these articles:

Guarantee that industrial production will rise in balance while developing at high speed, by Hsu Hsin-hsueh
Overcome the weak cycles, realize an all-around leap
Forward in industrial production, by Sun Hung-chih
Mathematics and the realities of production, by Kuan Chao-chih

1960:

No. 6 45 pages, with these articles:

Develop the great people’s health work
A health Red-Flag city – Foshan in Kwangtung
The path of combining biological research work and production realities
Victory certainly belongs to the great African peoples

No. 8 19 pages, with these articles:

The new climate in the technical revolution in the factories
The great accomplishment of Vietnam in Socialist reformed construction

No. 9 62 pages, with these articles:

The ‘small foreign groups’ are promoting the Great Leap Forward in the iron and steel industry
Extensive operation of local railways
The laboring people must be the masters of machines
Realization of the automation of tea processing
The movement for the study of theory by the masses in Heilungkiang
The high tide of the national democratic movement in Latin America
The Czechoslovakian ideological and cultural revolution is advancing toward victory

No.13 21 pages, with these articles:

Develop the comprehensive use of lumber with artificial boards as the core
Engage extensively in the comprehensive use of lumber and in the chemical industry for lumber production

No.15 78 pages, with these articles:

Intensify the Socialist-Communist education campaign in the rural areas
Further develop the ‘two-participation, one-innovation and three-union’ system and raise the managerial standard in all enterprises
Fully utilize the wild fibers
Expedite the reform of agricultural techniques, intensify the farm tool innovation movement
Mass line in educational work
On the unity of opposites

1961:

No English versions available.

1962:

No English versions available.

1963:

No English versions available.

1964:

No English versions available.

1965:

No. 1

Part 1, 40 pages, with these articles:

Premier Chou En-Lai Reports on work of the Government
Resolution of National People’s Congress
Sixteen Poems

Part 2, 49 pages, with these articles:

Self-Reliance is magic wand
‘One into Two’ and Dynamic Thought
To seek the differences or the similarities?
Workers firmly oppose theory of ‘Class co-operation’
On scientific experiment

No. 2

Part 1, 34 pages, with these articles:

Lenin’s predictions about the Revolutionary Storms of the East
The Vietnamese People will win, U.S. imperialism will lose
How to view the enemy’s opposition

Part 2, 62 pages, with these articles:

Preface to Volume 3 of ‘Khrushchev’s Statement’
A new thing
The Red Lamp
The lamentations of a certain gentleman

No. 3 54 pages, with these articles:

Comment on March Moscow Meeting
An introduction to the Book Polemics on the General Line of the International Communist Movement
To inquire into everything
Comment on history of Imperialism’s use of Christianity to invade Africa
Selection of Revolutionary Songs

No. 4 62 pages, with these articles:

The great victory of Leninism
Drive US aggressors out of Vietnam
Publisher’s explanation of Volume 5 of ‘Khrushchev’s Statement’
Seventh anniversary of founding of Agricultural Middle Schools in Liangsu
Chairman Liu Shao-Ch’i commemorates Tenth Anniversary of Bandung Conference
Poems and cartoons on Aid-Vietnam Oppose-US Struggle

No. 5 44 pages, with these articles:

Commemorate victory over German Fascism
Carry struggle against US Imperialism to end
Historical experience of war against Fascism
Seeing the film ‘Conquering Berlin’ again

No. 6

Part 1, 34 pages, with these 2 articles:

Speech by P’eng Chen at the Indonesian Aliarcham Academy
Marx on Wages Prices and Profits in Capitalist Society

Part 2, 30 pages, with this article:

Pertaining to the discussion on the new view of Basic Particles by the Japanese physicist Sakada Shoichi

1966:

No. 1

Part 1, 40 pages, with these articles:

Speech by Chou Yang at All-China Conference of Spare Time Literary Creation Activists
Leaders of C.P.S.U. are betrayers of Declaration and Statement
Politics the Supreme Commander the very soul of our work

Part 2, 46 pages, with these articles:

High standard quality comes from high standard thinking
We cannot sit and wait for the development of the Socialist enterprise
A rural Film Projection Team
Deliver the books to the hands of the peasants
Course of mankind’s understanding of chemical elements

No. 2 124 pages, with these articles:

Confessions concerning line of Soviet-US collaboration pursued by new leaders of CPSU
Two books by new USSR Communist leadership advocate Soviet-American co-operation
Era of mastering theory by the masses of workers, peasants and soldiers has begun
Workers, farmers and soldiers study Mao Tse-Tung’s Thought with ingenuity and under real world conditions
Theories from ‘On Contradictions’ applied in cement kilns
Ten thousand kilometres: and one kilometre
How the ‘Old Procedure’ was broken time and again
Tend the store counter for the People and learn the skills in practice
Wu Han’s bourgeois view of history
A poor peasant family

No. 3

Part 1, 18 pages, with this one article:

The revolution in historiography must be carried to the very end (Unsigned article written in 1964.)

Part 2, 42 pages, with these articles:

Love weapons not make-up
Constant revolution in ideology and technology
Developing the determination to be a Revolutionary
The Victory of Mao Tse-Tung’s literary and artistic thinking

No. 4 106 pages, with these articles:

Letter of reply dated 22 March 1966 of Central Committee of CCP to Central Committee of CPSU
Letter of Central Committee of CPSU dated 24 February 1966 to Central Committee of CCP
Great revelations of the Paris Commune
Comrade Chien Po-tsan’s outlook on history should be criticized
Comrade Chiao Yu-lu is good example of creative study and application of Mao Tse-tung’s Thinking
Philosophical story-telling meetings
Wisdom comes from practice
Dialectics in daily work
Simplicity or complexity?
Bring forth politics and oppose compromise-ism

No. 5

Part 1, 64 pages, with these 2 articles:

Give prominence to politics, put Mao Tse-tung’s Thinking in command of everything
‘Hai Shui curses the Emperor’ and ‘The dismissal of Hai Shui’ are two great poisonous weeds

Part 2, 38 pages, with this one article:

Literature and art must insist on Marxist Epistemology — A Critique of Substantialism

No. 6

Part 1, 28 pages, with these articles:

Worker-Peasant-Soldier masses criticize Wu Han’s anti-Party. anti-Socialist political stand and academic viewpoint
Participation by Worker-Peasant-Soldier masses in academic criticism is an epoch-making event

Part 2, 18 pages, with this one article:

Raise high the Great Red Banner of Mao Tse-tung’s Thinking, take an active part in the Socialist Cultural Revolution, editorial in Liberation Army Daily on 18 April 1966 reprinted in Hongqi

Part 3, 28 pages, with this one article:

Commenting On Wu Han’s [Play] T’ou-Ch’iang-Chi by Shih Shao-pin

No. 7

Part 1, 32 pages, with this one article:

Criticism of San Chia Ts’un — The Reactionary Nature of Yen Shan Yeh-hua and San Chia Ts’un Tsa-chi by Yao Wen-yuan

Part 2, 16 pages, with this one article:

The standpoint of which class do the Editorial Departments of Ch’ien-Hsien and Peking Jih-Pao Take? by Ch’i Pen-yu

Part 3, 32 pages, with these three articles:

Never forget class struggle
Workers, Peasants and Soldiers attack anti-Party and anti-Socialist elements
Enhance politics, fully portray Heroes — Review of the novel: ‘Song of Ouyang Hai’

No. 8 50 pages, with these articles:

Put Mao Tse-Tung’s Thought in the forefront, Cadres give the lead at every level
Long Live the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Sweep away all monsters
Mao Tse-Tung’s Thought is the telescope and microscope of our revolutionary cause
Workers, Peasants, Soldiers and Students denounce ‘Three-Family Village’ Counter-revolutionary clique

No. 9 90 pages, with these articles:

Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art — May 1942
Trust the masses rely on the masses
The compass for the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution — Note on the reprinting of ‘Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art’
Thoroughly criticize and repudiate the revisionist line of some of the principal leading members of the former Peking Municipal Party Committee
Chou Yang’s Black Arrow to Turn History Upside Down — Comment on a note in the complete Works of Lu Hsun Vol. VI
‘National Defense Literature’ is a slogan of Wang Ming’s Right Opportunist Line

No.10 70 pages, with these articles:

Decision of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party concerning the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
A Programmatic Document of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Energetically launch the mass campaign for studying Chairman Mao’s Writings speed up the Proletarian Revolutionization of Peasants’ Thought
Comment on Sun Yeh-fang’s reactionary political stand and economic program
The Three Poison Weeds of Hou Wai-lu’s comments of T’ang Hsien-tsu’s Plays

No.11 60 pages, with these articles:

Communique of the Eleventh Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
Our greatest leader, our dearest person
Comrade Lin Piao’s Speech
Comrade Chou En-lai’s Speech
Grow up braving storm and stress victoriously march forward along the road of Mao Tse-tung’s Thought
Selection of Revolutionary Big-Character Posters

What have Sung Shuo Lu P’ing and P’ei-yun done in the Cultural Revolution?
Long Live the Revolutionary Rebellious Spirit of the Proletariat
More on Long Live the Revolutionary Rebellious Spirit of the Proletariat
Third comment on Long Live the Revolutionary Rebellious Spirit of the Proletariat
Bring out the proprietary attitude
A letter to seven comrades

Hail the Big-Character Poster of Peking University
Saluting the revolutionary youths and teenagers
The General Election system of the Paris Commune

No.12 60 pages with these articles:

Comrade Lin Piao’s Speech (31 August 1966)
Comrade Lin Piao’s Speech (15 September 1966)
Comrade Chou En-lai’s Speech (31 August 1966)
Comrade Chou En-lai’s Speech (15 September 1966)
Hold fast to the main orientation in the struggle
Take firm hold of the Revolution and stimulate production
In praise of the Red Guards
Selected articles of the Red Guards
Chou Yang is not allowed to attack and disparage Lu Hsun

No.13

Part 1, 48 pages, with these 9 articles:

Comrade Lin Piao’s Speech
Follow along the high road of Mao Tse-tung’s Thought
For greater victories in revolution and production
Advance under the illumination of Mao Tse-tung’s Thinking
Ideological revolution motivates production revolution
Chairman Mao, you are the Red Sun of Our Heart!
The People’s Warriors remain loyal to Chairman Mao forever
The New Peking University forces ahead
Contribute your whole lifetime to the revolutionary cause

Part 2, 30 pages, with these 2 articles:

Build the company into a good school for Mao Tse-tung’s Thought
Manage well the oil wells for the People

Part 3, 20 pages, with this one article:

Arm the peasants with Thought of Mao Tse-tung, the basic experience of the Tachai Production Brigade in politico-ideological work

No.14 70 pages, with these articles:

Victory for the proletarian revolutionary line represented by Chairman Mao
Commemorate Lu Hsun and carry the Revolution through to the end
Learn from Lu Hsun, be faithful to Chairman Mao forever
Rebutting Simonov
Mao Tse-tung’s Thought illuminates Lu Hsun
Commemorating Lu Hsun’s rebellious spirit
Concluding speech at meeting in commemoration of Lu Hsun
Commemorating Lu Hsun Cultural Revolution
We must truly master the Thought of Mao Tse-tung
Dare to struggle, be good at struggle
Change the Thought of Mao Tse-tung into one’s own soul
Regard revolutionary interests as primary in life
New people nurtured and brought up by the Thought of Mao Tse-tung

No.15 65 pages, with these articles:

Comrade Mao Tse-Tung’s Message of Greetings
Comrade Lin Piao’s Speech at Peking Mass Rally
Literature and Art workers hold rally for Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Seize new victories
Dictatorship of the Proletariat and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
The true features of Chien Po-Tsan an anti-Communist intellectual

1967:

No. 2

Part 1, 18 pages, with these articles:

Respond to Chairman Mao’s call, go among the masses
Long Live ‘To rebel is justified’
Creatively study and apply Chairman Mao’s
Writings in Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Labor must stand on the front ranks of Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

Part 2, 69 pages, with these articles:

Message of greetings to Revolutionary Rebel Organizations in Shanghai
Take firm hold of the Revolution, promote production and utterly smash the new counter-attack launched by the bourgeois reactionary line
Revolutionary workers of newspapers send telegram saluting Chairman Mao
32 Shanghai Revolutionary Rebel Organizations issue ‘Urgent Notice’
Shanghai Revolutionary Rebels launch major attack on bourgeois reactionary line
Shanghai Revolutionary Rebel Organizations send telegram saluting Chairman Mao
Letter saluting Chairman Mao
Oppose economism and smash the latest counter-attack by the bourgeois reactionary line
Proletarian revolutionaries unite, thoroughly smash the new counter-attack of the bourgeois reactionary line
Firmly put in check the evil wind of economism
Money cannot change our will to rebel
Resolutely oppose economism
Proletarian Dictatorship and Proletarian Extensive Democracy
First step in forming one with the workers

No. 3

Part 1, 62 pages, with these 10 articles:

On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party by Mao Tse-tung (1929)
On the proletarian revolutionaries’ struggle to seize power
On revolutionary discipline and revolutionary authority of the proletariat
The People’s Liberation Army firmly backs the proletarian revolutionaries
A great victory in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in Shansi Province
Great alliance is the key factor
Spring thunder over Southwest China
A new dawn breaks over the Northeast
Get rid of ‘self-interest’, forge a great alliance of revolutionary rebels
After seizure of power

Part 2, 33 pages, with these 6 articles:

Shansi Revolutionary Rebel General Headquarters Public Notice No. 1
Tsingtao Municipal Revolutionary Rebel Committee Notice No. 1
Public Notice of the Kweichow Proletarian Revolutionary Rebel General Headquarters
Public Notice No. 1 of the Revolutionary Committee of Red Rebels in Heilungkiang Province
Power to exercise leadership over newspapers must be seized
Let us grasp the destiny of the seaport

No. 4

Part 1, Not yet available.

Part 2, 7 pages, with 1 article:

Creatively study and apply Chairman Mao’s Writings in supporting the struggle of proletarian revolutionaries to seize power by Wang Tse-chun

No. 5

Part 1, 82 pages, with these 10 articles:

Letter from the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
On the revolutionary ‘Three-way alliance’
Patriotism or national betrayal?
The bourgeois reactionary line on the question of cadres must be criticized and repudiated
Go all out to mobilize the masses, smash the scheme for counter-revolutionary restoration
How we supported proletarian revolutionaries
Bravely advance in the teeth of class struggle
Tachai marches on under the brilliance of Mao Tse-Tung’s Thought
Resolutely carry out Chairman Mao’s Cadres Policy
Put Revolution in the first place

Part 2, 34 pages, with these 4 articles:

‘Hit hard at many in order to protect a handful’ is a component part of the bourgeois reactionary line
Follow Chairman Mao, carry the Revolution through to the end
Transportation situation exceedingly favorable after power seizure in Harbin Railway Bureau
Put Revolution in command of production

No. 8 46 pages, with these articles:

We Workers, Peasants and Soldiers must dominate the arena of literature and art
Long Live Chairman Mao’s revolutionary literary and art line
‘Taking the Bandits’ Stronghold’

No. 9 61 pages, with these articles:

The Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art is a revolutionary program for carrying out the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Dockers have ascended the dramatic stage
‘Raid on the White Tiger Regiment’ is a good play manifesting the Thought of Mao Tse-tung
Workers, Peasants and Soldiers must occupy the art stage
Long Live Chairman Mao’s boundlessly brilliant revolutionary line on literature and art
A new victory of Chairman Mao’s revolutionary line for art and literature
Long Live the all-conquering Thought of Mao Tsetung on art and literature

No.10

Part 1, 70 pages, with these articles:

‘On the correct handling of contradictions among the people’ by Mao Tse-tung
A theoretical weapon for making revolution under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
A great strategic measure
Stop the encroachment of bourgeois ideology
Never forget the general orientation of the struggle

Part 2, 46 pages, with these articles:

Creatively study and apply Chairman Mao’s Writings, correctly handle contradictions among the people
Make a strict distinction between the two different types of contradictions, correctly handle the deceived masses
Be forever loyal to Chairman Mao’s proletarian revolutionary line
Correctly understand and practice extensive democracy under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Shantung Provincial Revolutionary Committee’s Regulations on conscientiously improving Cadres’ style of work
Combine the Big Criticism with each unit’s struggle, criticism and reform

No.11 100 pages, with these articles:

Mao Tse-tung’s Thought illuminates the road for our Party’s victorious advance
The Military Government of Ne Win, the Chiang Kai-shek of Burma, is bound to fail! The People are bound to win!
People of Indonesia Unite and Fight to overthrow the Fascist Regime
Statement by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Indonesian Communist Party
Self-criticism by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Indonesian Communist Party
It is necessary to topple self-interest in order to realize the great alliance of revolutionaries
Rely on the masses and realize a great revolutionary alliance
Realize the great alliance of revolutionaries, return to school to make Revolution
Forever preserve the revolutionary color of the proletariat
Only by eliminating self-interest and fostering devotion to public interest can we hold and exercise power well
Transact business in strict accordance with Party policies
Hold high the banner of revolutionary great alliance
Resolutely support revolutionary cadres in coming forward

No.12 98 pages, with these articles:

Chairman Mao Tse-tung on People’s War
Long Live the Victory of People’s War!
The proletariat must take a firm hold of the gun
Open fierce fire on the chief enemy of the people
Politically and ideologically overthrow completely the handful of Capitalist Roaders within the Party
Recommending one good article
Let us go forward triumphantly along Chairman Mao’s proletarian line of army building
Resolutely defend Chairman Mao’s proletarian revolutionary line

No.13 109 pages, with these articles:

Bombard the headquarters
Along the Socialist or the capitalist road?
Completely smash the bourgeois headquarters
Resolution of 8th Plenary Session of 8th Central Committee of C.P.C. concerning the anti-Party clique headed by Peng Teh-huai
From the defeat of Peng Teh-huai to the bankruptcy of China’s Khrushchev
Scheming to betray the Party is aimed at usurping the Party
The bankruptcy of China’s ‘devotee of Parliament’
Song of Triumph on Tsinghai Plateau
Message saluting Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Socialist enterprises can never be allowed to be dragged astray onto the road of capitalism
Thorough criticism of the ‘Three-self, one-guarantee’ system geared to restoration of capitalism
Angry rebuke of the capitulationist program of the top Party person in authority taking the capitalist road
Lessons of the Arab war against aggression

No.14 49 pages, with these articles:

Comments on Tao Chu’s two books by Yao Wen-yuan
Bring about the revolutionary great alliance in the course of the high tide of revolutionary mass criticism and repudiation
Steadfastly stand behind the proletarian revolutionaries
The great Chinese People’s Liberation Army is a reliable pillar of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat and for the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Further implement Chairman Mao’s great principle for grasping the Revolution and stimulating production
Resolutely trust and rely upon the great majority of Cadres

No.15 36 pages, with these articles:

Chairman Mao inspects North Central-South and East China
Comrade Lin Piao’s speech
Long Live Victory of the Great Cultural Revolution under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
A great revolution to achieve the complete ascendancy of Mao Tse-tung’s Thought
‘Combat self-interest, criticize and repudiate revisionism’, carry out well the struggle-criticism-transformation in various schools and unite
Working class unite

No.16 78 pages, with these articles:

Carry out revolutionary great alliances according to fields of work
Comrade Lin Piao’s speech
Advance along the road opened up by the October Revolution
Struggle between the two roads in China’s countryside
Thoroughly establish the absolute authority of the Great Supreme Commander Chairman Mao and of his great thought
Study classes for Mao Tse-Tung’s Thought based on Three-way Combination are very good indeed
A good way to combat self-interest and criticize and repudiate revisionism
Carry out the activity of ‘One helping another to form a red pair’, develop and consolidate the revolutionary great alliance

1968:

No English versions available.

1969:

No English versions available.

1970:

No English versions available.

1971:

No English versions available.

1972:

No English versions available.

1973:

No English versions available.

1974:

No.10 One article, 5 pages:

Grasp the dialectical method of one dividing into two

1975:

No English versions available.

1976:

No. 1 Only a few articles presently available:

The Dictatorship of the Proletariat and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution by Chung Shih, 7 pages. (Article starts in the middle of the page.)
Firmly grasp the class struggle as the key link by Chih Heng, 7 pages.
Two articles, 13 pages:

Uphold Party’s basic line – a study of ‘On the correct handling of contradictions among the people’ The splendid poems that inspire us in our struggle – a study of the Two Poems of Chairman Mao by Yen Shui-kai

Communist Party Digest, No. 195, Author and Title Index to Hung-ch’i [Hongqi] for the years 1966-1967, 43 pages.

More on China …..

16th March 1968 – My Lai Massacre

Posted on 16/03/2015 by Michael

My Lai Monument

16th March 1968 – My Lai Massacre

Just after dawn on the morning of 16th March 1968, when the peasants were starting off to tend their paddies and the children were starting to have their breakfast, the quiet of the spring morning was broken by the arrival of US helicopters firing into people’s homes. This was soon followed by the arrival of troop carrying helicopters who also started to fire indiscriminately at anything that moved. Four hours later, by the end of this ‘military action’ 504 Vietnamese civilians were killed and soon after a village structure that had existed for hundreds of years was wiped out. The Vietnamese knew this group of villages as Song My, the rest of the world, when the news finally broke 18 months later, were to know the site of this massacre as My Lai.

My Lai Massacre

Earlier that year the US invading forces and their South Vietnamese lackeys had been taken by surprise by the Tet Offensive. This began on the night of the 29/30th January when units of the Vietnamese People’s Army (from the North Vietnam) and guerrilla units of the National Liberation Front (the NLF from the South) simultaneously attacked numerous military bases and cities in the south of the country, even coming out of the ground in the middle of Da Nang, the principal close to the border with the People’s Republic of the North.

The action didn’t achieve any lasting military objectives but the very fact that it could have been organised on such a scale in the first place started to create the realisation amongst the American imperialists that they wouldn’t be able to win the war. It would be another seven years before the panic-stricken Yankees and their hangers-on (literally as the last helicopters took off) fought tooth and nail against each other to get on the last helicopters from the roof of the American Embassy in Saigon as North Vietnamese tanks crashed through the compound gates.

But like a wounded animal, knowing it is about to die, the Americans lashed out with the aim of causing as much damage and suffering as possible. The cost of defeating the most powerful military nation on the earth would have to be paid for at a high price.

The area which encompassed Song My was considered to be more than just sympathetic to the NLF and was known by the Americans as ‘Pinkville’. The guerrilla units in the south followed the military principals of People’s War, developed by Mao Tse-tung in China in the war, first, against the Japanese Fascist invaders and then the reactionary, Western Imperialist supported, Nationalist Kuomintang.

Mao coined the phrase of the guerrilla army ‘swimming like fish amongst the people’ and the Vietnamese followed this lesson well. However, not only do revolutionaries learn from the experience of those who have gone before them. Reactionaries also learnt and decided that if the revolutionaries were swimming amongst the people then they would deny them the water. The fact that many innocent people would bear the cost of this approach wasn’t (and still isn’t – witness what has happened in the last 14 years with the imperialist wars of intervention in Afghanistan, Iraq and other countries of the Middle East) of concern to the American commanders in Vietnam nor their political masters in Washington. As far as they were concerned ALL the ‘gooks’ (their racist term for the Vietnamese) were guilty, if not for crimes of commission then for crimes of omission, even babies only a matter of a few weeks old or those yet to be born.

My Lai Massacre

It’s difficult to imagine what went through the minds of those soldiers who carried out the massacre that covered three separate hamlets in Song My. There were no reports whatsoever that these brave troops came under any sort of enemy fire. In fact there was only one casualty amongst the G.I.s – and his wound was self-inflicted in an effort not to indulge in the blood lust.

My Lai Massacre

Most of the troops involved were relatively new to the country and therefore couldn’t really argue that they were battle weary and bitter from what they had seen happen to their fellow conscripts – although I have heard one soldier argue that case. Neither could they use the excuse given in Northern Ireland by the British Paratroopers after the murder of Irish Republican demonstrators on ‘Bloody Sunday’ in 1972 when one reason given for them opening fire was that these ‘elite’ troops were frightened by being shot at.

My Lai Massacre

The majority of US troops in Vietnam by this time of the war were conscripts. The majority of them were in their late teens or early twenties. The majority of them were from poor, working class backgrounds. A disproportionate number of them were poor working class black Americans (in a tableau in the My Lai museum they are given equal status to the whites in killing women and children), living in a society that was even more racist and segregationist than it is now. Yet these working class boys, under the orders of officers with little more stake in US society than the soldiers under their command, just went wild.

My Lai Massacre Museum

Shooting at everything that moved, regardless of age or gender; burning of buildings, sometimes with people inside alive; destroying all foodstuffs including domesticated animals; trapping people in confined spaces and then throwing in fragmentation grenades; gang raping of the women regardless of age and even those in late stages of pregnancy; killing babies only a few weeks old; mutilating the bodies of their victims including cutting out tongues, cutting off hands, disembowelment and taking scalps; pulling out unborn foetuses from pregnant women; shooting the wounded if they made the mistake of lettering their murderers know they were still alive; this orgy of death and destruction went on for hours until they had killed all that they thought was alive.

My Lai Massacre

There was little evidence of any of the soldiers making any effort to put a stop to all this or to try to bring some element of civilisation back into their mission – although a few are said to have ‘not participated’ (but that begs questions about crimes of commission or omission). Apart from one exception. The three-man crew of one of the support helicopters put their machine between a group of G.I.’s and their intended victims. Whilst the gunner held his heavy machine gun on soldiers from his own side a handful of villagers were able to be escape the mayhem. One of the helicopter crew was killed soon after (in combat) but the two that survived were invited to the thirtieth anniversary commemoration at the Quang Ngai General Museum in 1998.

Even though the trials at Nuremberg (after World War Two) had, supposedly, rejected the argument of ‘just obeying orders’ as being no excuse or vindication for committing such atrocities this was the case put by many of those who attended (many didn’t) the Peers Commission that was set up more than 18 months after the event. Whatever orders might have been given that doesn’t excuse what these teenagers did, many of them going way above and beyond the ‘call of duty’, their obvious enjoyment of the opportunity to kill and maim with impunity being proof of that.

My Lai Massacre

(This wasn’t the first time American soldiers had been given orders by their officers and then executing them with a gusto that bordered on fanaticism. On November 29th 1864 the American army carried out a similar massacre against, mainly, unarmed Cheyenne and Arapaho at Sand Creek in Colorado. The film ‘Soldier Blue’, released in 1970, making a clear parallel between the two events separated by just under a hundred years.)

My Lai Massacre

So those who actually did the killing have no excuse (and shouldn’t be excused) but what were their orders? The same that had been given to other units before them, that is to go out and ‘search and destroy’ in what was designated as a ‘free fire zone’. This gave a virtual carte blanche for the soldiers to do whatever they wished and they would not be held responsible. This had been happening throughout the country for a number of years causing widespread devastation, through acts of the military on the ground, artillery bombardments, the widespread use of napalm and defoliation with chemicals such as Agent Orange. Therefore the idea of a ‘free fire zone’ was basically part of the philosophy of the American military and this would have been known by even such rookie troops as those that were sent into the Song My area.

My Lai Massacre

At the same time the military did not act totally under their own volition and were under the control of the politicians in Washington. Even if the rest of the world wasn’t aware of what was happening in Vietnam those in the White House and the Pentagon certainly did. And the fact that the very villages were bulldozed soon after the massacre indicates that the commanders in the field knew that things had gone slightly to far.

My Lai Massacre

So what made the My Lai Massacre different? It seems that news of what had happened was circulating very soon after the event. Although the murder of civilians and the destruction of their homes wasn’t new at Song My the Americans had taken their task of murder into a new league and it would have been impossible to have completely suppressed the news. At the same time the military would have wanted this news to have spread throughout the south of Vietnam as a warning, threat and promise to those Vietnamese who supported the NLF and the North Vietnamese.

My Lai Massacre

The reports and letters that went around, both the military structure in Vietnam and the offices of politicians and newspapers in the United States were only words. By 1968 it was images that were to make the difference. Anyone who was of an age to watch and understand the TV images being shown everyday throughout the world in the late 60s and early 70’s will understand the importance of images. TV news programmes showed, daily, American wounded and dead being collected from the battlefield as well as the scenes played out on the streets of Saigon (such the summary execution by a bullet to the head of a Vietnamese guerrilla or the self-immolation of a Buddhist monk). The power of those images is the reason why, ever since, photographers and journalists are ’embedded’ – read controlled – by the US, UK or NATO armies.

My Lai Massacre

Ron Haeberle, an army photographer, had only just started his tour of duty when he was sent to Song My. Although not believing what he saw he continued to take photos during the morning. After the massacre he handed in 40 black and white pictures to the military but kept 18 in colour. It was those pictures which were to make the written reports even more potent.

Wisely, for self-preservation reasons, Haeberle didn’t release those pictures until he had returned from Vietnam – war zones are very easy places to get yourself killed. Even though the extent of the furore after the release of his photographs was worldwide, to the best of my knowledge none of the other pictures he took that spring morning have ever been made public. However, it’s difficult to believe that any other pictures would tell us much more about what happened. The suppression, or destruction of his other pictures only goes to demonstrate the lack of openness of governments when caught out doing the direct opposite to what they say. (Most of the pictures on this page are from among those Haeberle kept to himself for the best part of 18 months.)

The Report of the Peers investigation set up when the news of the massacre was too widespread to be ignored seemed to give the impression that this was a ‘one off’, an aberration and not a matter of policy. However, the widespread deployment of ‘search and destroy’ missions, the ‘Strategic Hamlet Programme’ – whereby villagers were gathered together in virtual concentration camps in order to make contact between the ordinary peasants and the guerrillas that much more difficult – and the designation of huge swathes of the country as being ‘free fire zones’ meant that the lives of the Vietnamese people held no value in the minds of the occupation forces.

Atrocities carried out by the Americans and the South Vietnamese Army were not new, only the scale was different. Eighteen months before My Lai the Democratic Republic of Vietnam had produced a pamphlet, with photographs, of examples of war crimes committed by US troops and at about the time of the My Lai Massacre they produced evidence (presented to Bertrand Russell International Tribunal) claiming genocide on the part of the Americans. There’s no significant difference between the pictures in these pamphlets from those of Haeberle taken in March 1968.

After all the fuss, all the publicity, all the demonstrations on the streets throughout the world, all the words spoken, all the investigations carried out, all the crocodile tears of politicians, no one was held accountable for what happened at Song My/My Lai. A junior officer (Calley) was chosen as a scapegoat (which doesn’t mean him any less culpable) and found guilty but later given a Presidential pardon by Richard Nixon. The Peers investigation report was even told not to refer to it as a massacre and described it as an ‘incident’. Ultimately no one was held responsible.

And nothing has really changed in the policies of the American nor any other country that considers it has the right to enter in the internal affairs of another country. My Lai wasn’t the first of such massacres, neither was it the last.

For a period after defeat in Vietnam the US ‘sub-contracted’ the killing of innocent villagers, although really the concept of ‘innocence’ seems now to have been lost. In Latin America the fascist, right-wing murder squads ran amok throughout the 70s and 80s from Mexico down to the Tierra del Fuego. If these killers needed training they received that at the ‘anti-communist insurgency’ School of the Americas at Fort Benning. To keep their eye in the US invaded Granada and Panama, on both occasions civilians got in the way.

In the Middle East surrogates kept their populations quiet with the use of terror. Some of these lost the support of the US and have fallen. Others still carry out the will of the US although they would maintain they are independent nations. Sometimes things don’t need to be said for them to happen. Israel continues to murder Palestinians and destroy their homes. Indeed Israel was in the game of massacres before it was even established as a state, killing indiscriminately Palestinians in the village of Deir Yassin on 9th April 1948. The Zionists then sub-contracted the killing to the Christian militia in Lebanon and over two days in September 1982 they murdered thousands in the refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila.

Since the beginning of the 21st century the US has again got more directly involved and thousands have been killed in Afghanistan, Iraq and other countries of the Middle East following western government attempts at ‘regime change’. The Americans, and their allies, got around the embarrassment of large numbers of civilians being killed by not actually counting them, as they did in Fallujah.

And presently in India, the present and previous governments, since 2009, have been pursuing what they call ‘Operation Green Hunt’ against the dalits and adivasis (the ethnic and tribal groups) who in some of the most mineral rich areas of the country. However, in India the people are not just accepting this and are fighting back under the leadership of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).

If people thought that the massacre at My Lai was an aberration they should think again.

The voices of those who killed

On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the massacre in 2008 the BBC’s Radio Four broadcast a programme in its Archive Hour slot which includes interviews with some of those involved in the murderous attack. Personally, I don’t have any sympathy whatsoever for those young soldiers who have subsequently suffered from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder for what they did that day so long ago.

Here is a recording of that programme, entitled The My Lai Tapes is presented in two parts, Part 1, Part 2.

Beijing Review 1979 – 1991

Posted on 16/01/2024 by Michael

Carry out the Four Modernisations of the Fatherland

Beijing Review 1979 – 1991

More on China …..

Comrade Mao Tse-tung was barely installed in his mausoleum before the renegades, traitors and ‘capitalist roaders’ in the Communist Party of China went on the attack. This was evident in the articles that appeared in China and which were reproduced in the various magazines produced for a foreign audience. It wasn’t just in Peking/Beijing Review that this became evident as the stance taken in China Reconstructs, China Pictorial and Chinese Literature all very soon followed suit. This was an all-round attack on the very principals and foundation of Socialism and so was carried out in all areas of society.

From the first issue of 1979 the magazine changed its name from Peking Review to Beijing Review – probably the only positive move made by the magazine since late 1976 to date.

The magazine continues to be published to this day but its aim bears no resemblance to when it was first established in the 1950s – originally under the name of People’s China. At that time its goal was to promote the construction of Socialism and to publicise these efforts to the rest of the world. From 1977 onwards its aim was to justify the re-establishment of capitalism.

However, the ‘capitalist roaders’ were never honest in their endeavours and always sought to cloak their activities in the red flag and paid mock homage to the revolutionary period of Chinese history from the Declaration of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 until just after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976.

The reason for making these magazines freely available is so that those who have an interest in the construction of Socialism can see, through a sometimes gradual process, how the Revolution can be so easily stolen from the people if they are not constantly vigilant.

We have had no access to substantial issues of the magazine after the second part of 1991 – but that’s no real loss as subsequent editions teach no one anything about Socialism.

More on China …..

1979 – Volume 22

1 – January 5, 1979, 32 pages.

2 – January 12, 1979, 40 pages.

3 – January 19,1979, 32 pages.

4 – January 26, 1979, 32 pages.

5 – February 2, 1979, 32 pages.

6 – February 9, 1979, 32 pages.

7 – February 16, 1979, 32 pages.

8 – February 23, 1979, 32 pages.

9 – March 2, 1979, 32 pages.

10 – March 9, 1979, 32 pages.

11 – March 16, 1979, 32 pages.

12 – March 23, 1979, 32 pages.

13 – March 30, 1979, 32 pages.

14 – April 6, 1979, 32 pages.

15 – April 13, 1979, 32 pages.

16 – April 20, 1979, 32 pages.

17 – April 27, 1979, 32 pages.

18 – May 4, 1979, 32 pages.

19 – May 11, 1979, 32 pages.

20 – May 18, 1979, 32 pages.

21 – May 25, 1979, 32 pages.

22 – June 1, 1979, 32 pages.

23 – June 8, 1979, 32 pages.

24 – June 15, 1979, 32 pages.

25 – June 22, 1979, 32 pages.

26 – June 29, 1979, 32 pages.

Supplement, Subject index for issues 1-26 in 1979, 16 pages.

27 – July 6, 1979, 48 pages.

28 – July 13, 1979, 32 pages.

29 – July 20, 1979, 32 pages.

30 – July 27, 1979, 32 pages.

31 – August 3, 1979, 32 pages.

32 – August 10, 1979, 32 pages.

33 – August 17, 1979, 32 pages.

34 – August 24, 1979, 32 pages.

35 – August 31, 1979, 32 pages.

36 – September 7, 1979, 32 pages.

37 – September 14, 1979, 32 pages.

38 – September 21, 1979, 32 pages.

39 – September 28, 1979, 32 pages.

40 – October 5, 1979, 40 pages.

41 – October 12, 1979, 32 pages.

42 – October 19, 1979, 32 pages.

43 – October 26, 1979, 32 pages.

44 – November 2, 1979, 32 pages.

45 – November 9, 1979, 32 pages.

46 – November 16, 1979, 32 pages.

47 – November 23, 1979, 32 pages.

48 – November 30, 1979, 32 pages.

49 – December 7, 1979, 32 pages.

50 – December 14, 1979, 32 pages.

51 – December 21, 1979, 32 pages.

52 – December 28, 1979, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1979, 32 pages.

1980 – Volume 23

1 – January 7, 1980, 32 pages.

2 – January 14, 1980, 32 pages.

3 – January 21, 1980, 32 pages.

4 – January 28, 1980, 32 pages.

5 – February 4, 1980, 32 pages.

6 – February 11, 1980, 32 pages.

7 – February 18, 1980, 32 pages.

8 – February 25, 1980, 24 pages.

9 – March 3, 1980, 32 pages.

10 – March 10, 1980, 32 pages.

11 – March 17, 1980, 32 pages.

12 – March 24, 1980, 32 pages.

13 – March 31, 1980, 32 pages.

14 – April 7, 1980, 32 pages.

15 – April 14, 1980, 32 pages.

16 – April 21, 1980, 32 pages.

17 – April 28, 1980, 32 pages.

18 – May 5, 1980, 32 pages.

19 – May 12, 1980, 32 pages.

20 – May 19, 1980, 32 pages.

21 – May 26, 1980, 32 pages.

22 – June 2, 1980, 32 pages.

23 – June 9, 1980, 32 pages.

24 – June 16, 1980, 32 pages.

25 – June 23, 1980, 32 pages.

26 – June 30, 1980, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1980, 32 pages.

27 – July 7, 1980, 32 pages.

28 – July 14, 1980, 32 pages.

29 – July 21, 1980, 32 pages.

30 – July 28, 1980, 32 pages.

31 – August 4, 1980, 32 pages.

32 – August 11, 1980, 32 pages.

33 – August 18, 1980, 32 pages.

34 – August 25, 1980, 32 pages.

35 – September 1, 1980, 32 pages.

36 – September 8, 1980, 32 pages.

37 – September 15, 1980, 32 pages.

38 – September 22, 1980, 48 pages.

39 – September 29, 1980, 40 pages.

40 – October 6, 1980, 32 pages. (Announces upcoming trial of “Gang of Four” and also of surviving Lin Biao conspirators.)

41 – October 13, 1980, 32 pages.

42 – October 20, 1980, 32 pages.

43 – October 27, 1980, 32 pages.

44 – November 3, 1980, 32 pages.

45 – November 10, 1980, 32 pages.

46 – November 17, 1980, 32 pages.

47 – November 24, 1980, 32 pages.

48 – December 1, 1980, 32 pages.

49 – December 8, 1980, 32 pages.

50 – December 15, 1980, 32 pages.

51 – December 22, 1980, 32 pages.

52 – December 29, 1980, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1980, 40 pages.

1981 – Volume 24

1 – January 5, 1981, 32 pages.

2 – January 12, 1981, 32 pages.

3 – January 19, 1981, 32 pages.

4 – January 26, 1981, 32 pages.

5 – February 2, 1981, 32 pages.

6 – February 9, 1981, 32 pages.

7 – February 16, 1981, 24 pages.

8 – February 23, 1981, 32 pages.

9 – March 2, 1981, 32 pages.

10 – March 9, 1981, 32 pages.

11 – March 16, 1981, 32 pages.

12 – March 23, 1981, 32 pages.

13 – March 30, 1981, 32 pages.

14 – April 6, 1981, 32 pages.

15 – April 13, 1981, 32 pages.

16 – April 20, 1981, 32 pages.

17 – April 27, 1981, 32 pages.

18 – May 4, 1981, 32 pages.

19 – May 11, 1981, 32 pages.

20 – May 18, 1981, 32 pages.

21 – May 25, 1981, 32 pages.

22 – June 1, 1981, 32 pages.

23 – June 8, 1981, 32 pages.

24 – June 15, 1981, 32 pages.

25 – June 22, 1981, 32 pages.

26 – June 29, 1981, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1981, 32 pages.

27 – July 6, 1981, includes ‘On Questions of Party History‘, adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the CPC on June 27, 1981, 30 pages. (This is the notorious revisionist summation of, and slander against, the Mao years of the CCP.) 40 pages.

28 – July 13, 1981, 32 pages.

29 – July 20, 1981, 32 pages.

30 – July 27, 1981, 32 pages.

31 – August 3, 1981, 24 pages.

32 – August 10, 1981, 32 pages.

33 – August 17, 1981, 32 pages.

34 – August 24, 1981, 32 pages.

35 – August 31, 1981, 32 pages.

36 – September 7, 1981, 32 pages.

37 – September 14, 1981, 32 pages.

38 – September 21, 1981, 32 pages.

39 – September 28, 1981, 32 pages.

40 – October 5, 1981, 32 pages.

41 – October 12, 1981, 32 pages.

42 – October 19, 1981, 32 pages.

43 – October 26, 1981, 32 pages.

44 – November 2, 1981, 32 pages.

45 – November 9, 1981, 32 pages.

46 – November 16, 1981, 32 pages.

47 – November 23, 1981, 32 pages.

48 – November 30, 1981, 32 pages.

49 – December 7, 1981, 32 pages.

50 – December 14, 1981, 32 pages.

51 – December 21, 1981, 40 pages.

52 – December 28, 1981, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1981, 40 pages.

1982 – Volume 25

1 – January 4, 1982, 32 pages.

2 – January 11, 1982, 32 pages.

3 – January 18, 1982, 32 pages.

4 – January 25, 1982, 32 pages.

5 – February 1, 1982, 24 pages.

6 – February 8, 1982, 32 pages.

7 – February 15, 1982, 32 pages.

8 – February 22, 1982, 32 pages.

9 – March 1, 1982, 32 pages.

10 – March 8, 1982, 32 pages.

11 – March 15, 1982, 32 pages.

12 – March 22, 1982, 32 pages.

13 – March 29, 1982, 32 pages.

14 – April 5, 1982, 32 pages.

15 – April 12, 1982, 32 pages.

16 – April 19, 1982, 32 pages.

17 – April 26, 1982, 32 pages.

18 – May 3, 1982, 32 pages.

19 – May 10, 1982, 48 pages.

20 – May 17, 1982, 32 pages.

21 – May 24, 1982, 32 pages.

22 – May 31, 1982, 32 pages.

23 – June 7, 1982, 32 pages.

24 – June 14, 1982, 32 pages.

25 – June 21, 1982, 32 pages.

26 – June 28, 1982, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1982, 32 pages.

27 – July 5, 1982, 32 pages.

28 – July 12, 1982, 32 pages.

29 – July 19, 1982, 32 pages.

30 – July 26, 1982, 32 pages.

31 – August 2, 1982, 32 pages.

32 – August 9, 1982, 32 pages.

33 – August 16, 1982, 32 pages.

34 – August 23, 1982, 32 pages.

35 – August 30, 1982, 32 pages.

36 – September 6, 1982, 32 pages.

37 – September 13, 1982, 48 pages.

38 – September 20, 1982, 32 pages.

39 – September 27, 1982, 32 pages.

40 – October 4, 1982, 32 pages.

41 – October 11, 1982, 32 pages.

42 – October 18, 1982, 32 pages.

43 – October 25, 1982, 32 pages.

44 – November 1, 1982, 32 pages.

45 – November 8, 1982, 32 pages.

46 – November 15, 1982, 32 pages.

47 – November 22, 1982, 32 pages.

48 – November 29, 1982, 32 pages.

49 – December 6, 1982, 32 pages.

50 – December 13, 1982, 32 pages.

51 – December 20, 1982, 40 pages.

52 – December 27, 1982, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1982, 48 pages.

1983 – Volume 26

1 – January 3, 1983, 32 pages.

2 – January 10, 1983, 32 pages.

3 – January 17, 1983, 32 pages.

4 – January 24, 1983, 32 pages.

5 – January 31, 1983, 32 pages.

6 – February 7, 1983, 32 pages.

7 – February 14, 1983, 32 pages.

8 – February 21, 1983, 24 pages.

9 – February 28, 1983, 32 pages.

10 – March 7, 1983, 32 pages.

11 – March 14, 1983, 32 pages.

12 – March 21, 1983, 48 pages. Includes ‘The radiance of the great truth of Marxism lights our way forward’, by Hu Yaobang. Nominally a commemoration of the centenary of the death of Marx, but also a major statement of the revisionist line of the CCP, 16 pages.

13 – March 28, 1983, 32 pages.

14 – April 4, 1983, 32 pages.

15 – April 11, 1983, 32 pages.

16 – April 18, 1983, 40 pages.

17 – April 25, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

18 – May 2, 1983, 32 pages.

19 – May 9, 1983, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

20 – May 16, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

21 – May 23, 1983, 48 pages, includes a 16-page supplement: ‘The 6th Five-Year Plan (1981-85) of the People’s Republic of China for Economic and Social Development’ [First part.]

22 – May 30, 1983, 48 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 48 pages.

23 – June 6, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

24 – June 13, 1983, 32 pages.

25 – June 20, 1983, 32 pages.

26 – June 27, 1983, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1983, 48 pages.

27 – July 4, 1983, 48 pages, includes a 24-page supplement: ‘Report on the work of the Government’, by Zhao Ziyang.

28 – July 11, 1983, 48 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 48 pages.

29 – July 18, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

30 – July 25, 1983, 32 pages.

31 – August 1, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

32 – August 8, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

33 – August 15, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

34 – August 22, 1983, 32 pages.

35 – August 29, 1983, 32 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 32 pages.

36 – September 5, 1983, 32 pages.

37 – September 12, 1983, 48 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 48 pages.

38 – September 19, 1983, 32 pages.

39 – September 26, 1983, 32 pages.

40 – October 3, 1983, 32 pages.

41 – October 10, 1983, 48 pages, includes 16-page supplement: ‘Regulations for the implementation of the law of the People’s Republic of China on joint ventures using Chinese and Foreign investment’ (September 20, 1983)

42 – October 17, 1983, 40 pages, includes 12-page supplement: ‘The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Party Consolidation (October 11, 1983). [I.e., on ‘rectifying’ or purging any remaining Party members with Maoist revolutionary sympathies.]

43 – October 24, 1983, 32 pages.

44 – October 31, 1983, 32 pages.

45 – November 7, 1983, 32 pages.

46 – November 14, 1983, 32 pages.

47 – November 21, 1983, 32 pages.

48 – November 28, 1983, 32 pages.

49 – December 5, 1983, 32 pages.

50 – December 12, 1983, 32 pages.

51 – December 19, 1983, 32 pages.

52 – December 26, 1983, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1983, 48 pages.

1984 – Volume 27

1 – January 2, 1984, 36 pages.

2 – January 9, 1984, 36 pages.

3 – January 16, 1984, 36 pages.

4 – January 23, 1984, 36 pages.

5-6 – January 30, 1984, 44 pages.

7 – February 13, 1984, 36 pages.

8 – February 20, 1984, 36 pages.

9 – February 27, 1984, 36 pages.

10 – March 5, 1984, 36 pages.

11 – March 12, 1984, 36 pages.

12 – March 19, 1984, 36 pages.

13 – March 26, 1984, 36 pages.

14 – April 2, 1984, 36 pages.

15 – April 9, 1984, 44 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China’ (March 12, 1984), 8 pages.

16 – April 16, 1984, 40 pages.

17 – April 23, 1984, 36 pages.

18 – April 30, 1984, 36 pages.

19 – May 7, 1984, 36 pages.

20 – May 14, 1984, 44 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Communique on fulfilment of China’s 1983 National Economic Plan’, by the State Statistical Bureau, 12 pages.

21 – May 21, 1984, 36 pages.

22 – May 28, 1984, 36 pages.

23 – June 4, 1984, 36 pages.

24 – June 11, 1984, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Report on the work of the Government’, by Zhao Ziyang, at the 2nd Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress, May 15, 1984, 16 pages.

25 – June 18, 1984, 44 pages, includes two internal supplements: ‘Independent and peaceful foreign policy’ (3 pages) and ‘Expanding economic exchanges and promoting common prosperity’ (4 pages) Relating to the policy of ‘opening up’ China to foreign investment.

26 – June 25, 1984, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1984,

27 – July 2, 1984, 36 pages.

28 – July 9, 1984, 40 pages.

29 – July 16, 1984, 36 pages includes the article ‘Investment environment seen as favourable’, by Gu Ming, discussing the political and legal changes from 1979 on which opened up China to foreign investment.

30 – July 23, 1984, 36 pages.

31 – July 30, 1984, 36 pages.

32 – August 6, 1984, 36 pages.

33 – August 13, 1984, 36 pages.

34 – August 20 1984, 28 pages.

35 – August 27 1984, 52 pages includes the 20-page article ‘China’s industry on the upswing’, by Lu Dong, which includes charts and statistics admitting that the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was overall actually a period of rapid economic growth.

36 – September 3, 1984, 36 pages.

37 – September 10, 1984, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

38 – September 17, 1984, 36 pages.

39 – September 24, 1984, 36 pages.

40 – October 1, 1984, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Sino-British joint declaration on the question of Hong Kong’, 20 pages.

41 – October 8, 1984, 40 pages.

42 – October 15, 1984, 36 pages.

43 – October 22, 1984, 36 pages.

44 – October 29, 1984, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on reform of the economic structure’, adopted by the 12th Central Committee of the CCP at its Third Plenary Session on October 20, 1984, 16 pages.

45 – November 5, 1984, 36 pages.

46 – November 12, 1984, 36 pages.

47 – November 19, 1984, 36 pages.

48 – November 26, 1984, 36 pages.

49 – December 3, 1984, 36 pages.

50 – December 10, 1984, 36 pages.

51 – December 17, 1984, 36 pages.

52 – December 24, 1984, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1984, 52 pages.

1985 – Volume 28

1 – January 7, 1985, 48 pages.

2 – January 14, 1985, 36 pages.

3 – January 21, 1985, 36 pages.

4 – January 28, 1985, 36 pages.

5 – February 4, 1985, 36 pages.

6 – February 11, 1985, 36 pages.

7-8 – February 18, 1985, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Regulations on implementing the Patent Law of the PRC’, 14 pages.

9 – March 4, 1985, 40 pages.

10 – March 11, 1985, 36 pages.

11 – March 18, 1985, 36 pages.

12 – March 25, 1985, 44 pages.

13 – April 1, 1985, 36 pages.

14 – April 1, 1985, 36 pages.

15 – April 8, 1985, 36 pages.

16 – April 15, 1985, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘The current economic situation and the reform of the economic structure’, by Zhao Ziyang, 16 pages.

17 – April 22, 1985, 44 pages, includes two internal supplements: ‘Report on the execution of the State Budget for 1984 and on the Draft State Budget for 1985’ (3 pages), and ‘Report on the Draft 1985 Plan for National Economic and Social Development’ (5 pages).

18 – May 6, 1985, 36 pages.

19 – May 13, 1985, 36 pages.

20 – May 20, 1985, 36 pages.

21 – May 27, 1985, 36 pages.

22 – June 3, 1985, 40 pages.

23 – June 10, 1985, 36 pages. [Some water damage making a few words illegible.]

24 – June 17, 1985, 36 pages.

25 – June 24, 1985, 36 pages.

26 – July 1, 1985, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1985, 44 pages.

27 – July 8, 1985, 52 pages, includes two internal supplements: ‘Foreign economic contract law of the PRC’ (4 pages), and ‘The accounting regulations of the PRC for the joint ventures using Chinese and foreign Investment’ (12 pages).

28 – July 15, 1985, 36 pages.

29 – July 22, 1985, 36 pages.

30 – July 29, 1985, 36 pages.

31 – August 5, 1985, 32 pages.

32 – August 12, 1985, 36 pages.

33 – August 19, 1985, 36 pages.

34 – August 26, 1985, 40 pages.

35 – September 2, 1985, 36 pages.

36 – September 9, 1985, 36 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘China pledges to maintain world peace’, by Peng Zhen, 8 pages.

37 – September 16, 1985, 36 pages.

38 – September 23, 1985, 36 pages.

39 – September 30, 1985, 36 pages.

40 – October 7, 1985, 44 pages, includes two internal supplements: ‘Explanation of the Proposal for the Seventh Five-Year Plan’, by Zhao Ziyang (5 pages) and ‘Proposal of the CC of the CCP for the Seventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development’ (19 pages).

41 – October 14, 1985, 36 pages.

42 – October 21, 1985, 36 pages.

43 – October 28, 1985, 36 pages.

44 – November 4, 1985, 36 pages.

45 – November 11, 1985, 36 pages.

46 – November 18, 1985, 36 pages.

47 – November 25, 1985, 36 pages.

48 – December 2, 1985, 36 pages.

49 – December 9, 1985, 36 pages.

50 – December 16, 1985, 36 pages.

51 – December 23, 1985, 36 pages.

52 – December 30, 1985, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1985, 44 pages.

1986 – Volume 29

1 – January 6, 1986, 52 pages.

2 – January 13, 1986, 40 pages.

3 – January 20, 1986, 36 pages.

4 – January 27, 1986, 36 pages.

5 – February 3, 1986, 36 pages.

6-7 – February 10, 1986, 52 pages.

8 – February 24, 1986, 40 pages.

9 – March 3, 1986, 36 pages.

10 – March 10, 1986, 36 pages.

11 – March 17, 1986, 36 pages.

12 – March 24, 1986, 44 pages.

13 – March 31, 1986, 40 pages.

14 – April 7, 1986, 36 pages.

15 – April 14, 1986, 36 pages.

16 – April 21, 1986, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Report on the Seventh Five-Year Plan’, by Premier Zhao Ziyang, 20 pages.

17 – April 28, 1986, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘The Seventh Five-Year Plan of the PRC for Economic and Social Development (1986-1990): Excerpts’, 24 pages.

18 – May 5, 1986, 40 pages.

19 – May 12, 1986, 36 pages.

20 – May 19, 1986, 44 pages.

21 – May 26, 1986, 36 pages.

22 – June 2, 1986, 36 pages.

23 – June 9, 1986, 36 pages.

24 – June 16, 1986, 40 pages.

25 – June 23, 1986, 36 pages.

26 – June 30, 1986, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1986, 44 pages.

27 – July 7, 1986, 36 pages.

28 – July 14, 1986, 40 pages.

29 – July 21, 1986, 36 pages.

30 – July 28, 1986, 32 pages.

31 – August 4, 1986, 36 pages.

32 – August 11, 1986, 36 pages.

33 – August 18, 1986, 36 pages.

34 – August 25, 1986, 32 pages.

35 – September 1, 1986, 36 pages.

36 – September 8, 1986, 36 pages.

37 – September 15, 1986, 36 pages.

38 – September 22, 1986, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

39 – September 29, 1986, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

40 – October 6, 1986, 44 pages. Includes internal supplement: ‘Resolution of the CC of the CPC on the guiding principles of building a Socialist society with an advanced culture and ideology’, adopted by the 6th Plenary Session of the 12th CC on Sept. 28, 1986, 8 pages.

41 – October 13, 1986, 36 pages.

42 – October 20, 1986, 36 pages. Includes the article: ‘China improves climate for foreign investment’ (p. 5).

43 – October 27, 1986, 36 pages.

44 – November 3, 1986, 40 pages.

45 – November 10, 1986, 36 pages.

46 – November 17, 1986, 36 pages.

47 – November 24, 1986, 36 pages.

48 – December 1, 1986, 36 pages. Includes the article: ‘A probe into theories backing China’s reform’, an academic discussion designed to further camouflage and ‘justify’ the transition back to capitalism (pp. 14-15).

49 – December 8, 1986, 36 pages. Includes the article: ‘Socialist features re-examined’, by Zhao Yao, reinterpreting socialism away from the Maoist understanding of it as a transition period between capitalism and communism (pp. 14-15).

50 – December 15, 1986, 36 pages.

51 – December 22, 1986, 36 pages.

52 – December 29, 1986, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1986, 44 pages.

1987 – Volume 30

1 – January 5, 1987, 40 pages.

2 – January 12, 1987, 36 pages.

North American edition, issue 2, 44 pages. (Includes 8 pages of material especially for North America.)

3 – January 19, 1987, 36 pages.

4 – January 26, 1987, 36 pages.

5-6 – February 9, 1987, 44 pages.

7 – February 16, 1987, 36 pages.

8 – February 23, 1987, 36 pages.

9 – March 2, 1987, 40 pages, includes: ‘Communique on the Statistics of 1986 Economic and Social Development’ (7 p.)

10 – March 9, 1987, 36 pages.

11 – March 16, 1987, 36 pages.

12 – March 23, 1987, 36 pages.

13 – March 30, 1987, 44 pages.

14 – April 6, 1987, 44 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration on the Question of Macao’, 12 pages.

15 – April 13, 1987, 36 pages.

16 – April 20, 1987, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Report on the work of the Government’, by Premier Zhao Ziyang, 20 pages.

17 – April 27, 1987, 48 pages, includes internal supplements: ‘Report on the Draft 1987 Plan for National Economic and Social Development (Excerpts)’, by Song Ping, 4 pages; and ‘Report on the implementation of the State Budget for 1986 and the Draft State Budget for 1987 (Excerpts)’, by Wang Bingqian, 4 pages.

18 – May 4, 1987, 40 pages.

19 – May 11, 1987, 36 pages.

20 – May 18, 1987, 36 pages.

21 – May 25, 1987, 36 pages.

22 – June 1, 1987, 36 pages.

23 – June 8, 1987, 36 pages.

24 – June 15, 1987, 36 pages.

25 – June 22, 1987, 36 pages.

26 – June 29, 1987, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1987, 44 pages.

27 – July 6, 1987, 36 pages.

28 – July 13, 1987, 36 pages.

29 – July 20, 1987, 36 pages.

30 – July 27, 1987, 36 pages.

31 – August 3, 1987, 36 pages.

32 – August 10, 1987, 36 pages.

33 – August 17, 1987, 36 pages.

34 – August 24, 1987, 28 pages.

35 – August 31, 1987, 36 pages.

36 – September 7, 1987, 36 pages.

37 – September 14, 1987, 36 pages.

38 – September 21, 1987, 36 pages.

39 – September 28, 1987, 36 pages.

40 – October 5, 1987, 36 pages.

41 – October 12, 1987, 36 pages.

42 – October 19, 1987, 36 pages.

43 – October 26-November 1, 1987, 36 pages.

44 – November 2-8, 1987, 36 pages.

45 – November 9-15, 1987, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Advance along the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’, report presented by Zhao Ziyang at the 13th National Congress of the CCP on October 25, 1978, 27 pages.

46 – November 16-22, 1987, 44 pages.

47 – November 23-29, 1987, 40 pages.

48 – November 30-December 6, 1987, 36 pages.

49 – December 7-13, 1987, 36 pages.

50 – December 14-20, 1987, 36 pages.

51 – December 21-27, 1987, 40 pages.

52 – December 28, 1987-January 3, 1988, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1987, 52 pages.

1988 – Volume 31

1 – January 4-10, 1988, 36 pages.

2 – January 11-17, 1988, 36 pages.

3 – January 18-24, 1988, 36 pages.

4 – January 25-31, 1988, 36 pages.

5 – February 1-7, 1988, 36 pages.

6 – February 8-14, 1988, 36 pages.

7-8 – February 15-28, 1988, 40 pages.

9 – February 29-March 6, 1988, 36 pages.

10 – March 7-13, 1988, 44 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Statistics for 1987 Socio-Economic Development’, 8 pages.

11 – March 14-20, 1988, 40 pages.

12 – March 21-27, 1988, 40 pages.

13 – March 28-April 3, 1988, 36 pages.

14 – April 4-10, 1988, 40 pages.

15 – April 11-17, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

16 – April 18-24, 1988, 40 pages. Missing front and back covers.

17 – April 25-May 1, 1988, 50 pages. Missing back cover.

18 – May 2-8, 1988, 40 pages.

19 – May 9-15, 1988, 52 pages.

20 – May 16-22, 1988, 42 pages. Missing back cover. Includes internal supplement: ‘Report on the Draft 1988 Plan for National Economic and Social Development.

21 – May 23-29, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

22 – May 30-June 5, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

23 – June 6-12, 1988, 32 pages. Missing both front and back covers.

24 – June 13-19, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

25 – June 20-26, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover. Includes: ‘Law of the PRC on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures’, 4 pages.

26 – June 27-July 3, 1988, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1988, 42 pages. Missing back cover.

27 – July 4-10, 1988, 34 pages. Missing front cover.

28 – July 11-17, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

29 – July 18-24, 1988, 40 pages.

30 – July 25-31, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

31 – August 1-7, 1988, 26 pages. Missing back cover.

32 – August 8-14, 1988, 28 pages.

33 – August 15-21, 1988, 36 pages.

34 – August 22-28, 1988, 36 pages.

35 – August 29-September 4, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

36 – September 5-11, 1988, 36 pages.

37 – September 12-18, 1988, 34 pages. Missing back cover.

38 – September 19-25, 1988, 35 pages. Missing back cover.

39 – September 26-October 2, 1988, 36 pages. Back cover photo upside down.

40 – October 3-9, 1988, 36 pages.

41 – October 10-16, 1988, 36 pages.

42 – October 17-23, 1988, 36 pages.

43 – October 24-30, 1988, 36 pages.

44 – October 31-November 6, 1988, 36 pages.

45 – November 7-13, 1988, 36 pages.

46 – November 14-20, 1988, 44 pages , includes articles: ‘Re-understanding Capitalism’ and ‘The privatization of urban housing’ as well as the internal supplement: ‘Report to the Third Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee’, by Zhao Ziyang, 8 pages.

47 – November 21-27, 1988, 36 pages.

48 – November 28-December 4, 1988, 36 pages.

49 – December 5-11, 1988, 36 pages.

50 – December 12-18, 1988, 36 pages.

51 – December 19-25, 1988, 36 pages, includes: ‘The reform of China’s labour system’, about the mass lay-offs from state-owned enterprises, etc.

52 – December 26, 1988 – January 1, 1989, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1988, 44 pages.

1989 – Volume 32

1 – January 2-8, 1989, 36 pages.

2 – January 9-15, 1989, 36 pages.

3 – January 16-22, 1989, 36 pages.

4 – January 23-29, 1989, 36 pages.

5 – January 30-February 5, 1989, 36 pages.

6 – February 6-12, 1989, 36 pages.

7-8 – February 13-26, 1989, 52 pages.

9 – February 27-March 5, 1989, 36 pages.

10 – March 6-12, 1989, 52 pages, includes 4 internal supplements (16 pages): ‘Statistics for 1988 Socio-Economic Development’; ‘Interim regulations on private enterprises of the People’s Republic of China’; and 2 others.

11 – March 13-19, 1989, 52 pages, includes internal supplement: ‘Basic Law of HKSAR,PRC (Draft)’ [Hong Kong], 16 pages.

12 – March 20-26, 1989, 36 pages.

13 – March 27-April 2, 1989, 36 pages.

14 – April 3-9, 1989, 36 pages.

15 – April 10-16, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

16 – April 17-23, 1989, 52 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 52 pages.

17 – April 24-30, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

18 – April 24-30, 1989, The official government condemnations of the world-famous student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square begin in this issue. 52 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 52 pages.

19 – May 8-14, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

20 – May 15-21, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

21 – May 22-28, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

22 – May 29-June 4, 1989, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

23 – June 5-11, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

24-25 – June 12-25, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

26 – June 26-July 2, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

27 – July 3-9, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

28 – July 10-16, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

29 – July 17-23, 1989, 52 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 52 pages.

30 – July 24-30, 1989, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

31 – July 31-August 6, 1989, 40 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 40 pages.

32 – August 7-13, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

33 – August 14-20, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

34 – August 21-27, 1989, 28 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 28 pages.

35 – August 28-September 3, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

36 – September 4-10, 1989, 36 pages, includes the absurd 1-page article ‘Why China will not practise privatization”, by Jin Qi, attempting to discount both the massive privatization occurring during this period and also the state capitalist relations of production of even that part of industry which was not being privatized.

37 – September 11-17, 1989, 36 pages.

38 – September 18-24, 1989, 36 pages.

39 – September 25-October 1, 1989, 36 pages.

40 – October 2-8, 1989, 56 pages. Includes a lot of statistical information.

41 – October 9-15, 1989, 52 pages.

42 – October 16-22, 1989, 36 pages.

43 – October 23-29, 1989, 36 pages.

Second copy – clearer but a much bigger file, 36 pages.

44 – October 30-November 5, 1989, 36 pages, includes the article: ‘China announces foreign debts for the first time’ (p. 29).

45 – November 6-12, 1989, 36 pages.

46 – November 13-19, 1989, 36 pages.

47 – November 20-26, 1989, 56 pages.

48 – November 27-December 3, 1989, 36 pages.

49 – December 4-10, 1989, 36 pages.

50 – December 11-17, 1989, 36 pages.

51 – December 18-24, 1989, 36 pages.

52 – December 25-31, 1989, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1989, 52 pages.

1990 – Volume 33

1 – January 1-7, 1990, 36 pages.

2 – January 8-14, 1990, 36 pages.

3 – January 15-21, 1990, 36 pages.

4 – January 22-28, 1990, 36 pages.

5-6 – January 29-February 11, 1990, 40 pages.

7 – February 12-18, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplement: ‘Decision on further improving the economic environment, straightening out the economic order and deepening the reforms’, 16 pages.

8 – February 19-25, 1990, 36 pages.

9 – February 26-March 4, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplement: ‘Statistics for China’s National Socio-Economic Development in 1989’, 8 pages.

10 – March 5-11, 1990, 36 pages.

11 – March 12-18, 1990, 36 pages.

12 – March 19-25, 1990, 36 pages.

13 – March 26-April 1, 1990, 36 pages.

14 – April 2-8, 1990, 36 pages.

15 – April 9-15, 1990, 36 pages.

16 – April 16-22, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplement: ‘Continue to work for stable political, economic and social development in China – report on the work of the Government’, by Premier Li Peng, 24 pages.

17 – April 23-29, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplements: ‘Report on implementation of the 1989 Plan for National Development and the Draft 1990 Plan’, by Zou Jiahua, 8 pages; and ‘Report on the implementation of the State Budget for 1989 and on the Draft State Budget for 1990’, by Wang Bingqian, 6 pages.

18 – April 30-May 6, 1990, 52 pages, includes the internal supplement: ‘The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China’, and related documents, 24 pages.

19 – May 7-13, 1990, 36 pages.

20 – May 14-20, 1990, 36 pages.

21 – May 21-27, 1990, 36 pages.

22 – May 28-June 3, 1990, 48 pages, includes a 12-page special section on the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone as an ‘ideal place for foreign investment’.

23 – June 4-10, 1990, 36 pages.

24 – June 11-17, 1990, 36 pages.

25 – June 18-24, 1990, 36 pages.

26 – June 25-July 1, 1990, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1990, 52 pages.

27 – July 2-8, 1990, 36 pages.

28 – July 9-15, 1990, 36 pages.

29 – July 16-22, 1990, 36 pages.

30 – July 23-29, 1990, 40 pages.

31 – July 30-August 5, 1990, 36 pages.

32 – August 6-12, 1990, 28 pages.

33 – August 13-19, 1990, 36 pages.

Second copy , 36 pages.

34 – August 20-26, 1990, 44 pages.

35 – August 27-September 2, 1990, 36 pages.

36 – September 3-9, 1990, 36 pages.

37 – September 10-16, 1990, 36 pages.

38 – September 17-23, 1990, 36 pages.

39 – September 24-30, 1990, 36 pages.

40 – October 1-7, 1990, 36 pages.

41 – October 8-14, 1990, 36 pages.

42 – October 15-21, 1990, 40 pages.

43 – October 22-28, 1990, 36 pages.

44 – October 29-November 4, 1990, 36 pages.

45 – November 5-11, 1990, 36 pages.

46 – November 12-18, 1990, 36 pages.

47 – November 19-25, 1990, 36 pages.

48 – November 26-December 2, 1990, 36 pages.

49 – December 3-9, 1990, 36 pages.

50 – December 10-16, 1990, 36 pages.

51 – December 17-23, 1990, 40 pages.

52 – December 24-30, 1990, includes an index for issues 27-52 in 1990, 52 pages.

1991 – Volume 34

1 – January 7-13, 1991, 36 pages, includes: ‘Communique of the 7th Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the CCP’, 3 pages.

2 – January 14-20, 1991, 36 pages, includes: ‘China opens first Securities Exchange’ [stock market], 2 pages.

3 – January 21-27, 1991, 36 pages.

4 – January 28-February 3, 1991, 36 pages.

5 – February 4-10, 1991, 36 pages.

6 – February 11-17, 1991, 36 pages.

7-8 – February 18-March 3, 1991, 56 pages.

9 – March 4-10, 1991, 36 pages.

10 – March 11-17, 1991, 52 pages, includes: ‘Economic restructuring in the 1990s’, 2 pages; and ‘Statistical Communique of the State Statistical Bureau…’, 8 pages.

11 – March 18-24, 1991, 36 pages.

12 – March 25-31, 1991, 36 pages.

13 – April 1-7, 1991, 36 pages.

14 – April 8-14, 1991, 36 pages, includes: ‘Development of China’s Special Economic Zones’, 7 pages.

15 – April 15-21, 1991, 52 pages includes article: ‘China to enact its Copyright Law’, 1 page; and ‘Report on the Outline of the Ten-Year Programme and of the Eighth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development’, by Premier Li Peng, 24 pages.

16 – April 22-28, 1991, 52 pages, includes: ‘Report on the implementation of the 1990 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Draft 1991 Plan’, by Zou Jiahua, 32 pages; and a report on the 1990 & 1991 state budgets.

17 – April 29-May 5, 1991, 36 pages.

18 – May 6-12, 1991, 36 pages, includes short article: ‘China raises food prices’.

19 – May 13-19, 1991, 36 pages.

20 – May 20-26, 1991, 40 pages.

21 – May 27-June 2, 1991, 36 pages.

22 – June 3-9, 1991, 36 pages.

23 – June 10-16, 1991, 40 pages.

24 – June 17-23, 1991, 36 pages.

25 – June 24-30, 1991, 36 pages.

26 – July 1-7, 1991, includes an index for issues 1-26 in 1991, 52 pages.

27 – July 8-14, 1991, 52 pages, includes: ‘Building Socialism the Chinese Way’”, speech by Jiang Zemin, July 1, 1991, 18 pages.

28 – July 15-21, 1991, 36 pages, includes: ‘How has the CPC developed Marxism?’, by Hu Qiaomu, 6 pages. [Item 8 on this list consists of the capitalist-road methods of economic ‘reforms’ and ‘opening up’; item 9 is the ‘socialist commodity economy’ (i.e. so-called ‘market socialism’]

29 – July 22-28, 1991, 36 pages.

30 – July 29-August 4, 1991, 52 pages.

31 – August 5-11, 1991, 36 pages.

32 – August 12-18, 1991, 36 pages.

33 – August 19-25, 1991, 36 pages.

34 – August 26-September 1, 1991, 36 pages.

35 – September 2-8, 1991, 36 pages.

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