Communist Party of China (CPC) – history, resolutions and documents

In a Yenan cave house - Hsin Mang

In a Yenan cave house

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Communist Party of China (CPC) – history, resolutions and documents

Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party, adopted by the Enlarged Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on April 20, 1945, 72 pages. This is the revised translation from the Appendix to the 3rd edition of the pamphlet Our Study and the Current Situation, by Mao Tse-tung. (Peking: FLP, 1962)

Thirty Years of the Communist Party of China: An Outline History, by Hu Chiao-mu, (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1951), 100 pages.

Documents of the National Conference of the Communist Party of China, held in March 1955. Includes: the Communiqué, the resolution on the draft of the first 5-year plan, the resolution on the anti-Party bloc of Kao Kang and Jao Shu-shih, and the resolution on the establishment of central and local control committees. (Peking: Oct. 1955), 68 pages.

Documents of the Sixth Plenary Session (Enlarged) of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a supplement to People’s China, Dec. 1, 1955, 24 pages.

Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China, Volume 1: Documents, (Peking: FLP, 1956), 332 pages.

Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China, Volume 2: Speeches, (Peking: FLP, 1956), 388 pages.

Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China, Volume 3: Greetings From Fraternal Parties, (Peking: FLP, 1956), 266 pages.

Constitution of the Communist Party of China and Report on the Revision of the Constitution of the CPC by Teng Hsiao-ping. This is the Party Constitution adopted by the Eighth National Congress on Sept. 26, 1956. The report of the the revision of the Constitution was delivered by Teng Hsiao-ping [Deng Xiaoping] at that Congress on Sept. 16, 1956. (Peking: FLP, 1956), 118 pp.

Documentos del VIII Congreso National del Partido Comunista de China, ELE, Pekin, 1957, 342 pages. Spanish version.

Second Session of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, seven reports and resolutions, including Report on the Work of the Central Committee of the CCP to the Second Session of the Eighth National Congress by Liu Shao-chi. (Peking: FLP, 1958), 99 pages.

The historical experience of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, FLP, Peking, 1959, 64 pages.

Training Successors for the Revolution is the Party’s Strategic Task, 3 articles on this topic including the title article by An Tzu-wen from Hongqi, Nos. 17-18, 1964. (Peking: FLP, 1965), 68 pages.

Absorb Proletarian Fresh Blood – An Important Question in Party Consolidation, Hongqi [Red Flag] editorial, #4, Oct. 14, 1968. (Peking: FLP, 1968), 34 pages.

Communique of the Enlarged Twelfth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, adopted on Oct. 31, 1968. (Peking: FLP, 1968), 32 pages.

The Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Documents), including the Report to the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China delivered by Lin Piao; The Constitution of the Communist Party of China; lists of members of the Central Committee and the Politburo; and several press communiques. (Peking: FLP, 1969), 206 pages. Lin Piao’s Report issued as a separate small pamphlet, 112 pages.

The Constitution of the Communist Party of China, adopted by the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, April 4, 1969. (Peking: FLP, 1969), 52 pages.

Hold Aloft the Banner of Unity of the Party’s Ninth Congress and Win Still Greater Victories, editorial of Renmin Ribao, Hongqi and Jifangjun Bao, June 9, 1969. (Peking: FLP, 1969), 26 pages.

Communists Should Be the Advanced Elements of the Proletariat – In Commemoration of the 49th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China. (Peking: FLP, 1970), 20 pages.

Commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the Communist Party of China: 1921-1971, (Peking: FLP, 1971), 60 pages.

The Tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Documents), (Peking: FLP, 1973), 138 pages.

A basic understanding of the Communist Party of China, Shanghai 1974, Norman Bethune Institute, Toronto, 1976, 222 pages.

The Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Documents), (Peking: FLP, 1977), 270 pages.

Documents of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee – September 1956-April 1969, Union Research Institute, Hong Kong, 1974

A collection of documents (not complete) covering an important period of the development of Socialism in the People’s Republic of China. Large files hence divided into a number of parts.

Part 1

Part 2

Part 3

Part 4

Part 5

Part 6

Part 7

Resolutions of the Tsunyi Conference, Jerome Ch’en, The China Quarterly, No 40, October-December, 1969, pp 1-38, SOAS, London.

History of the Chinese Communist Party, a chronology of events, 1919-1990, FLP, Beijing, 1991, 524 pages.

A concise history of the Communist Party of China, (Seventy years of the CPC.), Hu Sheng (chief editor) Party History Research Centre of the CPC Central Committee, FLP, Beijing, 1994, 873 pages. A Revisionist interpretation of history. Too big to download to WordPress 2024

Commentaries on the Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China and the 20th Congress of the CPSU, Irish Communist Organisation, Cork, 1970, 20 pages. Policy statement No. 3.

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China Pictorial

China Pictorial

China Pictorial

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China Pictorial

China Pictorial began on July 18, 1950, less than a year after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and has continued publishing monthly ever since. The magazine has received much attention from Chinese leaders, and Chairman Mao Tse-tung himself wrote the name of the magazine for its masthead in his own calligraphy.

China Pictorial was a companion magazine to the other foreign language publications produced on a regular basis by the Socialist People’s Republic of China, China Reconstructs, Peking Review and Chinese Literature.

(Those issues with no link are copies which haven’t been available to scan. If anyone has these numbers and would be prepared to loan them to be scanned it would be very much appreciated. If the year is not listed then that means no issues at all have been available to scan to date.)

1951

1 – January     

  • The Great Leader of the Chinese People – Chairman Mao Tse-tung
  • Peace must be won
  • Chop off the claws of the aggressor
  • Tibetan life after Liberation
  • National minorities welcome the goodwill mission
  • The National Front against imperialism
  • 100th Anniversary of the Taiping Peasants’ Revolutionary Movement

2 – February 

3 – March 

4 – April      

  • China’s women emancipated
  • Liberating the border regions of China
  • Japan under American Imperialism
  • Harnessing the Huai River
  • China’s largest public library
  • The Minority Peoples of Southwest China

5 – May    

6 – June     

  • One year of the Korean War
  • The peaceful liberation of Tibet
  • The Chinese Young Pioneers
  • New mining methods produce new records
  • Forerunners of a Peoples’ Athletics

7 – July 

8 – August   

  • 24th Anniversary of the Chinese People’s Army
  • The Heroism of the Chinese People’s Volunteers – in Korea

9 – September    

  • American sabotage of Armistice Talks – in Korea
  • The Huai River Battle
  • Peasants repair ancient irrigation system
  • Students on summer vacation train for their future
  • The Long March – a new opera

10 – October    

  • China celebrates National Day
  • The Third World Youth Festival
  • Broadcasting to the people
  • The Summer Palace

11 – November   

  • Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung
  • First Anniversary of Resist-America and Aid-Korea Movement
  • Government Delegation visits old Revolutionary Bases
  • From poverty to wealth in Inner Mongolia
  • Ancient Art in China
  • ‘How the steel was tempered’ – new theatre from Soviet novel

12 – December    

  • Achievements in railway construction
  • Textiles for the people
  • Workers’ safety improved
  • The wealth of South China
  • Fisheries of New China

1952

1 – January      

  • We are one with Chairman Mao
  • They visited Chairman Mao’s native village
  • Fertilisers – a growing industry
  • Science comes to agriculture
  • Early morning in the capital
  • Traditional Chinese medical practice undergoes reform

2 – February          

  • Spring Festival
  • Care for the families of the Nation’s Heroes
  • ‘Labour can change the face of the earth’
  • Workers’ initiative raises production
  • Liu Hu-lan

3 – March    

  • Celebration of the Second Anniversary of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
  • American germ warfare in Korea and China
  • Happy marriages break through feudal ideas
  • The 29th Anniversary of the ‘February 7 Movement’
  • ‘Let’s fam together’
  • In the battle against illiteracy
  • Liu Lai-ti – a heroine of New China

4 – April  

5 – May  

6 – June  

7 – July  

8 – August 

9 – September  

10 – October  

11 – November  

12 – December  

1959

1 – January      

2 – February          

3 – March    

4 – April  

5 – May  

6 – June     

  • Joint statement of the Chinese and Japanese Communist Parties
  • Article by W. E. B. Du Bois on his recent trip to China
  • The Sino-German Friendship People’s Commune

7 – July  

8 – August 

9 – September  

10 – October  

11 – November  

12 – December  

1968

1 – January 

2 – February          

3 – March

4 – April  

5 – May  

6 – June     

7 – July 

  • Firmly support the Revolutionary Mass Movements arising in France, Europe and North America!
  • Men Ho – good cadre boundlessly loyal to Chairman Mao‘s Revolutionary Line
  • No limit to serving the people

8 – August 

  • The evergreen friendship between the Peoples of China and Tanzania
  • The Red Ninth Company, a model in studying Chairman Mao’s Works
  • Chairman Mao gave her a new life – medical advances enabled the removal of a huge tumour
  • Keeping close ties with the Masses
  • Revolutionary Flame in Africa

9 – September   

10 – October

  • The working class must exercise leadership in everything – Yao Wen-Yuan
  • The road for training engineering and technical personnel indictated by the Shanghai Machine Tools Plant – Report of an investigation
  • A Red Banner in valiantly defending Chairman Mao’s line on army building
  • New herdsmen on the Grasslands
  • Sink roots among the Masses

Suplement – Compass for the Victory of the Revolutionary People of All Countries

11 – November  

12 – December  

1969

1 – January    

  • Marching up the highway of the brilliant ‘May 7’ Directive
  • ‘Barefoot Doctors’ are fine!
  • Such intellectuals are welcomed by the Poor and Lower Middle Peasants
  • Workers mount the stage of designing
  • A Red Banner in water conservation construction
  • A fine example of continuously making Revolution under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
  • A Heroic People’s Army – The Albanian People’s Army

Supplement: China succcessfuly conducts new hydrogen bomb test    

2 – February          

3 – March    

4 – April

  • Greet the Party’s Ninth National Congress with outstanding achievements!
  • A good example for Tientsin workers
  • Co-operative medical service is fine!
  • Nine poor peasant families run their own school for 19 years
  • To the vast countryside
  • New storm in the Japanese People’s Struggle

5 – May

  • Win new victories of the industrial front
  • The Chinese Government lodges strongest protest with the Soviet Government – over incursions in the area of Chenpao Island
  • Down with the New Tsars!
  • Chenpao Island has always been Chinese territory
  • A ‘PLA Tachai‘ marches ahead

6 – June

7 – July  

8 – August 

9 – September  

10 – October  

11 – November  

12 – December

  • Celebration of the 20th Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China
  • Advance along the rod pointed out by the Kutien Conference

China Pictorial 1969 Index

Poster of Chairman MaoTse-tung

1970

1 – January

  • Revolutionary Emulation under Socialism
  • The bitter fight of the Hsiaohsiang People
  • Heroic Paratroopers
  • Peasant-College Student-Peasant
  • A fine school for the Re-education of Cadres
  • Forward on the road of integrating with the Workers and Peasants

Supplement: Grand Celebration of the 25th Anniversary of the Liberation of Albania

2 – February          

3 – March

4 – April  

5 – May  

6 – June     

7 – July  

8 – August 

9 – September   

10 – October  

11 – November  

12 – December  

1971

1 – January    

2 – February          

3 – March

  • Centenary of the Paris Commune (1871-1971)
  • Ten Years of Splendid Victories – Celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the Founding of the South Vietnam national Front for Liberation
  • Participate in production while studying
  • Educated young people in the countryside
  • Women bridge builders
  • A Heroic People – of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

4 – April  

5 – May  

6 – June     

7 – July  

8 – August 

9 – September   

  • Taching – Red Banner on the industrial front
  • Women well operators
  • In industry, learn from Taching
  • On the Yellow Sea coast
  • The Korean People forge ahead
  • The Cambodian People are bound to win
  • The idea of serving the people
  • Bulward of continuing the Revolution

10 – October  

11 – November  

12 – December  

1972

1 – January    

2 – February  

  • Gala meeting of table tennis players from Asia and Africa
  • Delegation of the People’s Republic of China at United Nations
  • China’s 1971 Autumn Exports Commodities Fair
  • Militant Art, Revolutionary Friendship

3 – March    

4 – April  

5 – May   

  • Paean to Proletarian Internationalism – Modern Revolutionary Peking Opera ‘On the Docks’
  • Edgar Snow, friend of the Chinese People
  • New works of art
  • Cultural team on the plateau
  • PLA topographic unit on the ‘Roof of the world’
  • Profound frienship between Army and People
  • Serve the people better
  • Heroic Albania

Supplement: The Red Lantern Opera (Selected Songs)   

6 – June     

7 – July  

8 – August 

9 – September   

10 – October  

11 – November  

12 – December  

1973

1 – January    

2 – February          

3 – March    

4 – April  

5 – May  

6 – June      

  • Young steel workers trained
  • Work on the Yellow River must be done well
  • A tour of the source of the Yellow River
  • After the earthquake – in Tibet
  • Chinese acrobatic troups abroad
  • The PLA practices its traditional industry and thrift

Supplement: Samdech Sihanouk’s Inspection Tour of the Cambodian Liberated Zone

7 – July    

  • Celebrating ‘May First’, International Labour Day
  • Lunghai – a county of high yield in grain
  • How Hualin Brigade learnt from Tachai
  • New pictures of the ‘Great Northern Wilderness’
  • Changes in the Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley

8 – August 

9 – September   

10 – October  

11 – November  

12 – December  

1974

1 – January   

  • Secretary of State Kissinger in Peking
  • Azalea Mountain – a Modern Revolutionary Peking Opera
  • Young People in a mountain region
  • The ‘Roebuck’ – an advanced fishing Commune
  • Pearls on the Yellow River
  • The People’s Police
  • A survey of the Takla Makan Desert
  • A theatrical troup from the countryside

2 – February          

3 – March    

  • Record harvests in China
  • This factory relies on its workers
  • College students of a new type
  • Three noted Yellow River cities
  • Free of floods

4 – April  

5 – May  

6 – June      

7 – July   

  • New successes in Revolution and Production
  • We love Tien An Men
  • Shanghai’s history is created by the labouring masses
  • A prosperous Socialist rural scene
  • Jubilant North Tibet Grassland

8 – August 

9 – September   

10 – October  

11 – November  

12 – December  

1975

1 – January   

2 – February          

3 – March    

4 – April  

5 – May    

  • Peking’s market
  • Armymen and civilians
  • Working hard for Socialism
  • Urban militia of Shanghai
  • Changes along the Tatu
  • The Revolutionary Committee of our county

6 – June      

7 – July   

8 – August 

9 – September   

10 – October  

11 – November  

12 – December

1976

To date we only have access to one issue in English of China Pictorial for 1976. However, four numbers for the year are available in Chinese and are included here for non-Chinese speakers for the images.

1 – January   In Chinese

2 – February          

3 – March    

4 – April  In Chinese

5 – May   In Chinese

6 – June      

7 – July  In Chinese

8 – August 

9 – September   

10 – October  

11 – November

An issue entirely devoted to Chairman Mao but merely two months after his death the revisionist and ‘capitalist-roaders’ within the Party were already ‘re-writing’ history. The ’empty’ spaces in the picture on page 12, for example, are the erased comrades of the so-called ‘Gang of Four‘. However, this issue does contain many good picture of Comrade Mao.

  • Eternal Glory to the Great Leader and Great Teacher Mao Tse-tung  

12 – December

1977

1 – January

This number of China Pictorial was emtirely devoted to commemorating the life of Chou En-lai, on the first anniversary of his death. Chou was one of those who seemed to function as a ‘Fifth Columnist’ within the Party leadership, never being denounced as a supporter of the ‘capitalist-roaders’ but almost certainly following their line, especially in his later years. Considered as an enemy of the Revolution by those who were later branded as the ‘Gang of Four‘ by the revisionist after their coup in taking control of the Party after the death of Chairman Mao.

  • In deep memory of esteemed and beloved Premier Chou En-lai

2 – February          

3 – March    

4 – April  

5 – May    

6 – June      

7 – July   

8 – August 

9 – September    

  • The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Successfully Completed
  • Learning from Taching Persistently
  • Through the uninhabited Qangtang region
  • The Three Gorges
  • Botswana marches on

10 – October  

11 – November   

12 – December

Below are a few examples of how China Pictorial has been transformed into a shallow and meaningless magazine more interested in consumerism than any achivements of the Chinese people. Such is the legacy of capitalism which now totally dominates Chinese society.

1985

1 – January

2006

12 – December

2013

2 – February

2019

8 – August

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Chinese Revolutionary Art – 1975

Chairman Mao Tse-tung

Chairman Mao Tse-tung

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Chinese Revolutionary Art – 1975

So far the emphasis on this blog has been on those examples of Socialist Realist art that I have encountered on various visits to Albania in the past few years – especially the ‘lapidars’ (public monuments and sculptures). One of the drivers for starting this project was the fear that due to both active political vandalism and simple lack of care many of these unique works of socialist art were likely to disappear in the near future and would be lost to posterity.

The Albanian Lapidar Survey of 2014 meant that, at least, those monuments that still existed and were identified at the time would be recorded in as much detail as possible, including a comprehensive photographic record of their condition in 2014. The fate of those lapidars has varied in the intervening years, some suffering further decay others suffering inappropriate (if at times well meaning) and destructive ‘renovation’.

With many of the lapidars I have visited I have attempted to carry out a deep reading of what they represent and have tried to put them in their historical context. I don’t even try to maintain that I have always got it right but in lieu of any other such record (much information about the more than 650 lapidars covered in the ALS investigation – and many other works of art, such as bas reliefs, mosaics, etc. – having been destroyed or lost in the chaotic years of the 1990s) I hope my efforts can help in reconstructing a comprehensive data base for the future. Although many have already been written about on this blog there are still many to follow.

Travelling quite extensively around the country I have encountered artistic elements of the socialist past that were outside the remit of the ALS. That includes the likes of the mosaics (Bestrove, Tirana Historical Museum and on the Bashkia in Ura Vajgurore – to name a few) and bas reliefs (for example, the Durres Tobacco Factory and Radio Kukesi) already mention as well as paintings (in the National Art Gallery in Tirana), statues (including the ‘Sculpture Park‘ behind the National Art Gallery and the 68 Girls of Fier), stand alone structures (such as the Party Emblem in Peshkopia) and murals (such as the Traditional Wedding Mural in the hotel restaurant also in Peshkopia), exhibits in museums and a number of other works that have (sometimes) miraculously survived the 30 years following the success of the counter-revolution.

By the time the Party of Labour of Albania had achieved victory over the fascist invaders in November 1944 the idea of Socialist Realist Art as something Socialist countries should encourage had become entrenched in the thinking of revolutionary Marxist-Leninists. I presented my interpretation of this when discussing art in Albania but the same arguments would suit the use of art in the other major Socialist countries, especially the Soviet Union and China.

I intend to look at Soviet Socialist Realist Art, initially, by reading the stories being told in the Metro stations, principally of Leningrad (now St Petersburg) and Moscow.

When it comes to the People’s Republic of China there are already examples of the use of art in the struggle to establish Socialism in the pages of Chinese Literature. Various issues of that magazine are available from 1953 to 1981 (the final 5 years an example of how literature and art can be used to turn back Socialism in a similar way it was used to promote Socialism from 1949 till just after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976).

The Chinese approach to literature and art can also be gleaned from the works of the writer and cultural theorist Lu Hsun.

Here I present a slide show of a collection of posters from the last, full revolutionary year of the People’s Republic of China (1975) to give an idea of how Chinese poster art had developed to that date.

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