The Great Debate between Revolutionary China and the Revisionist Soviet Union

Mao Tse-tung and Enver Hoxha

Mao Tse-tung and Enver Hoxha

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The Great Debate between Revolutionary China and the Revisionist Soviet Union

In just under three years after the death of Joseph Stalin (in March 1953) the Soviet Revisionists, under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev, had enough confidence in their strength to be able to denounce Stalin (but basically all the revolutionary developments in Soviet society since the October Revolution of 1917) at a closed session of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union held in February 1956.

The calculated manner in which this denunciation was planned caused confusion in the International Communist Movement (obviously the aim) and allowed those cowards and social democrats who had been allowed to wheedle themselves into Communist Parties throughout the world to throw their hands up in horror and create even more confusion – with the result that the movement was weakened worldwide.

Khrushchev’s speech was just the start of the attack upon revolutionary Socialism, Marxism-Leninism and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat. The lack lustre defence of those principles by the majority of the Communist and Workers Parties throughout the world (or at least in the majority of their leadership and a not inconsiderable number of the members) only served to encourage the Soviet revisionists to go further in their destruction of socialism and the restoration of capitalism in the first workers and peasants socialist state. One of the victims of that development was Khrushchev himself who was thrown out when he had done what was needed at the time. He quickly reached his sell by date.

Only two parties in the position of holding state power were united on the struggle against the revisionists – the Communist Party of China and the Party of Labour of Albania. Below are pamphlets produced by the Chinese Party which record what was to become known as the ‘International Polemic’ – an ideological battle between revolutionaries and revisionists which pleased capitalism and imperialism but which, ultimately, made revolutionary forces throughout the world stronger in that the issues of what separated revolutionaries from the rest were clearly delineated.

In China this ideological struggle was further developed during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of 1966-76 – initiated by Chairman Mao Tse-tung as the only opportunity for the workers and peasants to remain in control of the society they had been building since 1949. This debate was also carried on in the pages of the magazines produced at the time, principally the weekly political and informative magazine Peking Review but also in China Reconstructs and China Pictorial.

The standpoint of the Party of Labour of Albania can be read in the many documents they produced from the 1950s onwards (into the 1980s) as well as the pages of the monthly, theoretical magazine Albania Today and the writings of the Albanian leader, Enver Hoxha.

Prelude

The Historical Experience of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, the response of the CPC to Khrushchev’s ‘Secret Speech’ at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956. Published in Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily] on April 5, 1956.

The Historical Experience of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, annotated.

More on the Historical Experience of the Proletarian Dictatorship, a summary of a discussion at an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China focusing on the question of Stalin, which appeared in Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily] on December 29, 1956. (London: CPGB, 1957), 32 pages.

Collections of Early Documents

In Refutation of Modern Revisionism, 7 major editorials and articles from May-June 1958. (Peking: FLP, 1958), 102 pages. Consists of the following documents:

  • Resolution on the Moscow Meetings of Representatives of Communist and Workers’ Parties, adopted May 23, 1958 by the 2nd Session of the 8th National Congress of the CCP.
  • Modern Revisionism Must Be Repudiated, Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily] editorial of May 5, 1958.
  • Modern Revisionism Must Be Fought To The End, Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily] editorial of June 4, 1958.
  • Yugoslav Revisionism — Product of Imperialist Policy, by Chen Po-ta, Hongqi [Red Flag], June 1, 1958 issue.
  • Yugoslav Revisionism Is Just What U.S. Imperialism Needs, by Kang Sheng, Renmin Ribao, June 14, 1958. In Refutation of Modern Revisionism’s Reactionary Theory of the State, by Wang Chia-hsiang, Hongqi, June 16, 1958 issue.
  • The More They Try to Hide, the More They are Exposed — On Tito’s Speech of June 15, by Renmin Ribao Commentator, June 26, 1958.

Whence the Differences? a large book containing most of the early English language articles and pamphlets in the condemnation of revisionism that were published in China. [This new title is on the photographic reprint of the volume done by New Era publishers in Bath, England around 1970. The original edition published in China is entitled Workers of All Countries, Unite, Oppose Our Common Enemy! (Peking: FLP, 1963)], 402 pages. Consists of the following documents:

Workers of All Countries, Unite, Oppose our Common Enemy!, Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily] editorial, Dec. 15, 1962.

The Differences Between Comrade Togliatti and Us, Renmin Ribao editorial, Dec. 31, 1962. Leninism and Modern Revisionism, Hongqi [Red Flag] editorial, No. 1, 1963.

Let Us Unite on the Basis of the Moscow Declaration and the Moscow Statement, Renmin Ribao editorial, Jan. 27, 1963.

Whence the Differences? — A Reply to Thorez and Other Comrades, Renmin Ribao editorial, Feb. 27, 1963.

More on the Differences Between Comrade Togliatti and Us, by the editorial department of Hongqi, Nos. 3-4, 1963.

  • I. Introduction
  • II. The nature of the present great debate among communists
  • III. Contradictions in the contemporary world
  • IV. War and peace
  • V. The state and revolution
  • VI. Despise the enemy strategically, take him seriously tactically
  • VII. A struggle on two fronts
  • VIII. Workers of all countries, unite!

A Comment on the Statement of the Communist Party of the U.S.A., Renmin Ribao editorial, March 8, 1963.

A Mirror for Revisionists, Renmin Ribao editorial, March 9, 1963.

Documents of the Communist Party of China, The Great Debate, Volume 1, 1956-1963, Foreign Languages Press, Paris, 2021, 560 pages.

The Documents of the Great Debate, Volume 1, February 1956 – June 1963, Antararashtriya Prakashan, Saharanpur, India, 2005, 430 pages.

The Documents of the Great Debate, Volume 2, February 1956 – June 1963, Antararashtriya Prakashan, Saharanpur, India, 2005, 368 pages.

The Documents of the Great Debate, Volume 3, February 1956 – June 1963, Antararashtriya Prakashan, Saharanpur, India, 2005, 298 pages.

Individual Early Pamphlets

Long Live Leninism, (Peking: FLP, 1960) Consists of three parts:

  • Long Live Leninism!, by the Editorial Department of Hongqi.
  • Forward Along the Path of the Great Lenin!, by the Editorial Department of Renmin Ribao.
  • Unite Under Lenin’s Revolutionary Banner, by Lu Ting-yi. 58 pages

The Struggle Between Two Lines at the Moscow World Congress of Women, six statements, articles and reports. (Peking: FLP, 1963), 70 pages. [Our apologies for the darkened paper in the copy scanned, though it is still quite legible.]

The Truth About How the Leaders of the CPSU have Allied Themselves with India against China, by the Editorial Department of Renimin Ribao [People’s Daily], Nov. 2, 1963, and including an article reprinted from Pravda as an appendix. (Peking: FLP, 1963), 60 pages.

Formal Inter-Party Letters

A Proposal Concerning the General Line of the International Communist Movement: The Letter of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Reply to the Letter of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union of March 30, 1963, June 14, 1963, (Peking: FLP, 1963), 124 pages. Includes as appendices 3 letters from the the CC of the CPSU (Feb. 21, 1963; March 9, 1963; and March 30, 1963). This is one of the most important and most famous documents in the entire history of the world Communist movement.

Seven Letters Exchanged Between the Central Committees of the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, (Peking: FLP, 1964), 84 pages. Includes 4 letters from the CC of the CCP in 1964 (Feb. 20; Feb. 27; Feb. 29; and May 7) and 3 letters from the CC of the CPSU (Nov. 29, 1963; Feb. 22, 1964; and March 7, 1964).

Letter of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Reply to the Letter of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Dated June 15, 1964, July 28, 1964, (Peking: FLP, 1964), 60 pages. (Includes the CPSU letter being responded to.)

Letter of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Reply to the Letter of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Dated July 30, 1964, August 30, 1964, (Peking: FLP, 1964), 24 pages. (Includes the CPSU letter being responded to.)

Letter of Reply Dated March 22, 1966 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, (Peking: FLP, 1966), 16 pages. (Includes the CPSU letter of Feb. 24, 1966 being responded to.)

The Polemic on the General Line of the International Communist Movement

The Polemic on the General Line of the International Communist Movement published in Peking by the Foreign Languages Press in 1965, 604 pages.

Individual articles in this collection, most of which are Comments on the Open Letter of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and are jointly written by the editorial departments of Renmin Ribao and Hongqi, are also available here in individual pamphlet form:

Documents of the Communist Party of China, The Great Debate, Volumes I and II. 1956-1964, Foreign Languages Press, Paris, 2022, 1,154 pages.

Other Pamphlets from the Great Debate

A Comment on the March Moscow Meeting, by the editorial departments of Renmin Ribao and Hongqi, March 23, 1965, 42 pages.

A Great Victory for Leninism – In Commemoration of the 95th Anniversary of the Birth of Lenin, Hongqi [Red Flag] editorial, #4, 1965. (Peking: FLP, 1965), 19 pages.

Carry the Struggle Against Khrushchov Revisionism Through to the End – On the Occasion of the Second Anniversary of the Publication of ‘A Proposal Concerning the General Line of the International Communist Movement’, by the editorial departments of Renmin Ribao (People’s Daily) and Hongqi [Red Flag], June 14, 1965, 24 pages. [Our apologies; we were unable to remove part of the underlining in this pamphlet.]

Refutation of the New Leaders of the CPSU on ‘United Action’, by the editorial departments of Renmin Ribao and Hongqi, Nov. 11, 1965, 44 pages.

The Leaders of the CPSU are Betrayers of the Declaration and Statement, by the editorial department of Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily], Dec. 20, 1965, 16 pages.

Confessions Concerning the Line of Soviet-U.S. Collaboration Pursued by the New Leaders of the CPSU, by Commentator in Hongqi [Red Flag], Feb. 11, 1966, (Peking: FLP, 1966), 24 pages.

Some Questions Concerning Modern Revisionist Literature in the Soviet Union, by Hsiang Hung and Wei Ning. Also includes Selected Statements by Sholokhov, the Renegade Author, compiled by Chang Chun, and The True Features of the Renegade Sholokhov, by Tsai Hui. (Peking: FLP, 1966), 72 pages.

Smash the Big U.S.-Soviet Conspiracy! by Observer of Renmin Ribao, Feb. 20, 1967, about collusion and joint attempts by the U.S. and the Soviet Union to end the revolutionary war in south Vietnam. (Peking: FLP, 1967), 22 pages.

Advance Along the Road Opened Up by the October Socialist Revolution: In Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, by the editorial departments of Renmin Ribao, Hongqi and Jiefangjun Bao [Liberation Army Daily], Nov. 6, 1967, 40 pages. Includes also Comrade Lin Piao’s Speech at the Peking Rally Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the October Revolution, Nov. 6, 1967.

How the Soviet Revisionists Carry Out All-Round Restoration of Capitalism in the U.S.S.R., reference material from articles in Renmin Ribao and from Hsinhua News Agency, (Peking: FLP, 1968), 88 pages.

Total Bankruptcy of Soviet Modern Revisionism, six articles including two speeches by Chou En-lai, August-September 1968. (Peking: FLP, 1968), 92 pages.

Ugly Performance of Self-Exposure, by Chung Jen, originally published in Chinese in Renmin Ribao, August 14, 1969. (Peking: FLP, 1969), 24 pages.

An Outspoken Revelation, Hsinhua News Agency, April 16, 1970 dispatch. (Peking: FLP, 1970),  22 pages.

Leninism or Social-Imperialism? – In Commemoration of the Centenary of the Birth of the Great Lenin, by the editorial departments of Renmin Ribao, Hongqi and Jiefangjun Bao, April 22, 1970, 78 pages.

Cheap Propaganda, 5 commentaries by Hsinhua Correspondent about hypocritical calls by the Soviet Union for disarmament, August-December 1973, 40 pages. (Peking: FLP, 1974)

Ghost of Confucius, Fond Dream of the New Tsars, 3 commentaries by mass criticism groups and by a Hsinhua correspondent. (Peking: FLP, 1974), 49 pages.

Ugly Features of Soviet Social-Imperialism, a collection of articles from 1973-1975 exposing the Soviet Union as an imperialist power and international exploiter. (Peking: FLP, 1976), 96 pages. Includes:

  • The Superpower Label for Soviet Revisionism Cannot be Removed, by Fan Hsiao
  • The Brezhnev Clique is Following in Hitler’s Footsteps, commentary by Hsinhua Correspondent
  • A Black Line Running Through Two Dynasties — on the new tsars justifying old tsars’ aggression and expansion, commentary by Hsinhua Correspondent
  • Soviet Union — Superpower and Super-Exploiter, commentary by Hsinhua Correspondent
  • C.M.E.A. — Soviet Revisionism’s Instrument for Neo-Colonialism, commentary by Hsinhua Correspondent
  • Sinister Programme of Neo-Colonialism — Soviet revisionists’ vicious motives in peddling theory of ‘international division of labour’ in Third World, by Chai Chang
  • Honey on Lips, Murder in Heart — Social-imperialist nature of Soviet revisionists’ ‘military aid’ to Egypt exposed, by Fan Hsiu-chu and Chung Tung
  • Where is the ‘Dawn of Peace and Co-operation’?, by Mei Ou
  • Warsaw Treaty Organization — Soviet Social-Imperialism’s Tool for Aggression, by Ming Sung
  • Essence of Soviet Revisionists’ ‘All-Europe Economic Co-operation’, by Cheng Wei-min
  • Outright Deceit, Ulterior Motives — On Soviet revisionists peddling ‘Asian collective security system’ in Southeast Asia, commentary by Hsinhua Correspondent
  • Repulse Wolf at Front Gate, Guard Against Tiger at Back Door, by Jen Ku-ping

Social Imperialism: The Soviet Union Today, a collection of articles from Peking Review from 1975-1976, 148 pages. (Berkeley: Yenan Books, 1977).

The Soviet Union Under the New Tsars, by Wei Chi, 100 pages.

Documents from Parties and Individuals in Other Countries Critising Soviet Revisionism (Published in China)

Raise Higher the Revolutionary Banner of Marxism-Leninism, 3 articles by the Korean People’s Worker’s Party from 1962 and 1963 opposing revisionism, 44 pages. [Note: Our apologies for the condition of the pamphlet we scanned, which was literally falling apart. We scanned it in color to increase the contrast of the black print with the yellowed pages.] (Peking: FLP, 1963)

Certain International Questions Affecting Malaya, from the Malayan Monitor, Jan. 31, 1963. (Peking: FLP, 1963), 24 pages.

Reply to Khrushchov – Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Brazil, including the abridged text of the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Brazil of July 27, 1963, and also the article The Great Theory of Marxism-Leninism is Bound to Triumph on Our Continent, by José Duarte, originally from the Brazilian journal A Classe Operária, Aug. 16-31, 1963. (Peking: FLP, 1964), 32 pages.

Statement of Ten Central Committee Members of the Ceylon Communist Party, October 27, 1963. Also includes To All Marxist-Leninists Inside the Ceylon Communist Party (Nov. 17, 1963). (Peking: FLP, 1964), 44 pages.

‘Theory’ and Practice of the Modern Revisionists, by Jacques Grippa, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belgium, a speech delivered at the Higher Party School fo the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on June 10, 1964. (Peking: FLP, 1965), 60 pages. [Note: Although Grippa initially supported China during the Sino-Soviet Split, he then began to oppose China during the GPCR, and in 1968 actually gave a speech in support of Liu Shaoqi!]

Malayan People’s Experience Refutes Revisionist Fallacies – Sixteenth Anniversary of the Malayan People’s Armed Struggle, June 30, 1964, 24 pages. (Peking: FLP, 1965)

On the Intrinsic Nature of N.S. Khrushchov’s Peaceful Co-Existence Line, an article by Observer in Akahata, organ of the Communist Party of Japan, Nov. 22, 1964. (Peking: FLP, 1965), 62 pages.

On Interventions in and Subversive Activities Against the Democratic Movements of Our Country and Our Party by the CPSU Leadership and the Institutions and Organizations Under its Guidance, an article in Akahata, organ of the Communist Party of Japan, June 22, 1965. (Peking: FLP, 1966), 54 pages.

Border Disputes and Military Confrontations and Incidents Between China and the U.S.S.R.

Down With the New Tsars! a collection of statements and articles condemning the incursion of military forces of the revisionist Soviet Union onto China’s Chenpao Island in the Wusuli River in Heilungkiang Province. (Peking: FLP, 1969), 78 pages.

Down With the New Tsars! – Soviet Revisionists’ Anti-China Atrocities on the Heilung and Wusuli Rivers, photo-filled pamphlet, (Peking: FLP, 1969), 76 pages.

Statement of the Government of the People’s Republic of China (May 24, 1969), regarding the border dispute with the Soviet Union. Also includes the Note of the Hsinhua News Agency on the Publication of the Full Text of the Soviet Government’s Statement of March 29 (May 24, 1969). (Peking: FLP, 1969), 48 pages.

Statement of the Government of the People’s Republic of China (October 7, 1969), regarding the border dispute with the Soviet Union. Also includes the Document of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC—Refutation of the Soviet Government’s Statement of June 13, 1969 (Oct. 8, 1969), (Peking: FLP, 1974), 2nd printing, 40 pages.

More on China …..

Peking Review – 1978

The working class is the major force

The working class is the major force

More on China …..

Peking Review – 1978

Peking Review was the weekly political and informative magazine published between 1958 and 1978. With issue No 1 of 1979 the magazine was renamed Beijing Review, the new name bringing with it a new direction in the People’s Republic of China and was an open statement of the reintroduction of capitalism in the erstwhile Socialist Republic.

The issues and topics included in 1978:

Throughout 1978 those ‘capitalist-roaders’ that had gained control of the once revolutionary Communist Party of China further consolidated their power and, the attacks on the so-called ‘Gang of Four’ were put on the back burner and they attempted to justify their restoration of capitalism in the country through a distortion of the Marxist ideology – using Marxism to destroy Marxism (as the Communist Party of China once accused the Communist Party of the Soviet Union of doing).

This blog is not interested in promoting revisionism and the destruction of Socialist societies so the last issues of Peking Review will be the last to be found here. Even the capitalist-roaders in Peking realised this and drew a distinct line with the past by changing the name of the capital city, and the weekly magazine, and so from issue No. I of 1979 the magazine was renamed Beijing Review.

For those interested in the magazine from 1979 can see all issues from 1979 to 1990, and then occasional issues after that date, at massline.org.

  • Why did Chang Chun-chiao kick up a fuss over the question of ownership
  • Chairman Mao’s letter to Comrade Chen Yi – his letter of July 21, 1965, discussing poetry
  • On the situation in China’s science and education
  • Initial success in economic construction
  • The tasks of continuing the revolution
  • Develop productive forces and continue the revolution
  • How did Marx and Engels differentiate Europe’s political forces? – answering questions regarding the ‘Renmin Ribao’ article on the theory of the there worlds
  • Defence of national independence and the second world countries
  • China’s industrialisation: how to achieve it
  • To each according to his work: Socialist principle in distribution
  • On ‘Grasping the key link’
  • Unite and strive to build a modern, powerful Socialist country! – Report on the work of the Government delivered at National People’s Congress on February 26, 1978 – Hua Kuo-feng
  • The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
  • Developing advanced military science of Chinese Proletariat
  • Basic principles of ‘Manifesto of the Communist Party’ always remain fresh
  • Left, Ultra-‘Left’ and Fake Left
  • Integrating moral encouragement with material reward
  • Refuting a wrong assessment of literature and art
  • Speech at the National Educational Work Conference – Teng Hsiao-ping
  • Research work in philosophy and social sciences unshackled
  • China enters a new period
  • Mass organisations reactivated
  • History of overseas Chinese and their glorious tradition
  • Statement on Vietnam’s expulsion of Chinese residents
  • Strive for modernisation of agriculture
  • Writers and artists criticise so-called ‘Dictatorship of a sinister line’
  • Is Cuba a Non-aligned country?
  • Strengthening political work – speeches at the All-army Political Work Conference by Yeh Chien-ying and Teng Hsiao-ping
  • China cancels appointment of Consul-General in Ho Chi Minh City
  • China’s policy is open, aboveboard, consistent – refuting Soviet slanders on China’s policy towards overseas Chinese
  • ‘Talk at an Enlarged Working Conference convened by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’ – January 30, 1962 – Mao Tse-tung
  • A fundamental principle of Marxism
  • Learn from Taching Movement surges on
  • Why Vietnamese authorities provoked Vietnam-Kampuchea border conflict
  • Time will tell the true from the false – ‘Renmin Ribao’ commentator on China’s aid to Vietnam
  • Implementing the Socialist principle ‘To each according to his work’
  • Heighten our vigilance and get prepared to fight a war
  • Cadres are the servants of the people
  • A milestone in history of Sino-Yugoslav relations
  • The militia’s role in a future war
  • Ideological education in a primary school
  • Pseudo-Leftism and reality – criticising the ‘Gang of Four’
  • Away with cultural autocracy
  • Women’s movement in China: guidelines and tasks
  • New successes in Socialist construction
  • How Marxists look at material interests
  • Why China imports technology and equipment
  • How to speed up China’s agricultural development
  • Learn from Mao Tse-tung – Chou En-lai
  • Basic principle for trade union in a new period
  • Observe economic laws, speed up the ‘Four Modernisations’
  • Can China quicken its pace of Socialist construction
  • Glorious mission of the Chinese Youth
  • Tien An Men incident: completely revolutionary action
  • The truth about the Tien An Men incident
  • Vice-Premier Teng on domestic situation
  • How do Chinese trade unions function?
  • Mistakes must be corrected when ever discovered
  • New Hanoi hoax
  • Communique of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist party of China

Available issues of Peking Review:

1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978

There’s an index for the first part of the year in No. 26 and for the second part of the year in No. 52.

Peking Review - 1978 - 01

Peking Review – 1978 – 01

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Peking Review – 1978 – 02

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Peking Review – 1978 – 26

Peking Review - 1978 - 26 - Index

Peking Review – 1978 – 26 – Index

Peking Review - 1978 - 27

Peking Review – 1978 – 27

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1978 - 27 - Supplement

Peking Review – 1978 – 27 – Supplement

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Peking Review – 1978 – 28

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Peking Review – 1978 – 29

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Peking Review – 1978 – 51

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Beijing Review

From issue No. 1 of 1979 the weekly political and informative magazine Peking Review changed its name to Beijing Review. On page 3 of that number the editors made the open declaration of the change in the direction of the erstwhile ‘People’s Republic of China’.

By stating that the Communist Party of China (under the control then of Teng Hsiao-Ping/Deng Xiaoping ) sought

‘to accomplish socialist modernisation by the end of the century and turn China …. into an economically developed and fully democratic socialist country’

the CPC was openly declaring the rejection of the revolutionary path, which the country had been following since 1949, and the adoption of the road that would inevitably lead to the full scale establishment of capitalism.

For those who would like to follow this downward spiral into the murky depths of capitalism and imperialism in the issues of Beijing Review (complete for the years 1979-1990 – intermittently thereafter) you can do so by going to bannedthought – which also serves as an invaluable resource for more material about China during its revolutionary phase.

More on China …..

Peking Review – 1977

It makes me happy to contribute

It makes me happy to contribute

More on China …..

Peking Review – 1977

Peking Review was the weekly political and informative magazine published between 1958 and 1978. With issue No 1 of 1979 the magazine was renamed Beijing Review, the new name bringing with it a new direction in the People’s Republic of China and was an open statement of the reintroduction of capitalism in the erstwhile Socialist Republic.

The issues and topics included in 1977:

The ‘capitalist-roaders’ were able to gain positions of power soon after Comrade Mao’s death in September 1976. The pages of Peking Review in 1977 continued to show how they attempted to justify their efforts to turn the revolution from the Socialist road by using the words of Chairman Mao. Also, there’s no better way of understanding their capitalist and revisionist tactics than by seeing how they attacked the so-called ‘Gang of Four’ – who were losing the struggle against those seeking to destroy the Chinese Revolution.

  • On the Ten Major Relationships – Mao Tse-tung, April 25th 1956 (Volume V)
  • Important Speech by Chairman Hua Kuo-feng
  • The crux of the ‘Gang of Four’s’ crimes is to usurp Party and State Power
  • 1976 in retrospect: Soviet Détente fraud exposed
  • Premier Chou in the Great Cultural Revolution
  • Premier Chou creatively carried out Chairman Mao’s revolutionary line in foreign affairs
  • Wang Hung-wen’s scheme to throw China into disorder exposed
  • The ‘Gang of Four’ and the Trotskyites
  • A straight race between the two Superpowers
  • Mechanisation: fundamental way out for agriculture
  • 30th anniversary of ‘February 28’ uprising by the people of Taiwan Province commemorated
  • Ferreting out ‘the bourgeoisie in the army’ – another ‘Gang of Four’ scheme
  • How the ‘Gang of Four’ opposed Socialist modernisation
  • The basic policy for Socialist Revolution and construction
  • How the ‘Gang of Four’ stamped on the Party’s policy on intellectuals
  • Invasion of Zaire by Soviet-paid mercenaries is intolerable
  • Chairman Mao’s note on ‘Charter of Anshan Iron and Steel Company’
  • A complete reversal of the relations between ourselves and the enemy – a criticism of the ‘Gang of Four’s’ distortion of Chairman Mao’s directive
  • Carry out in an all-round way the strategic policy decision on grasping the key link in running the country well
  • A serious struggle in scientific and technical circles
  • Volume V of ‘Selected Works of Chairman Mao Tse-tung’ published
  • National Conference on Learning from Taching in Industry opens
  • Continue the Revolution under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat to the end – Hua Kuo-feng
  • Construction of Chairman Mao Memorial Hall completed
  • Reactionary essence of new Soviet Constitution
  • Use Chairman Mao’s theory of continuing the revolution to guide Socialist construction
  • Commemorating 27th anniversary of Korean Fatherland Liberation War
  • Self-reliance and making foreign things serve China
  • Soviet social-imperialism – most dangerous source of world war
  • The Atom Bomb is a paper tiger
  • The Third Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
  • The 50th anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army
  • In memory of the esteemed and beloved Comrade Chu Teh
  • In memory of Comrades Ho Lung and Chen Yi
  • The 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
  • President Tito in Peking
  • Constitution of the Communist Party of China
  • Chairman Mao’s two works – ‘Strive to learn from each other and don’t stick to the beaten track and be complacent’ (1963) and ‘On the question of whether Imperialism and all reactionaries are paper tigers’ (1958) (Volume V)
  • The 28th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China
  • Why did the ‘Gang of Four’ attack ‘The Twenty Points’?
  • The struggle around the Outline Report on Science and Technology
  • Chairman Mao’s ‘Theory of the Differentiation of the Three Worlds’ is a major contribution to Marxism-Leninism
  • The banner of the October Revolution is invincible
  • Revive and carry forward the fine style of our Party
  • Third world countries unite against hegemonism in economic sphere
  • Criticising eclecticism or attacking the ‘Theory of Two Points’?
  • The two-line struggle in the economic field during the transition period
  • A great debate on the educational front
  • Chairman Mao’s works – ‘China will take a giant stride forward’ (December 13, 1964) and ‘A letter on farm mechanisation’ (March 12, 1966)

Available issues of Peking Review:

1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978

There’s an index for the first part of the year in issue No. 26 and one for issues 27 – 52 in No. 52.

Peking Review - 1977 - 01

Peking Review – 1977 – 01

Peking Review - 1977 - 02

Peking Review – 1977 – 02

Peking Review - 1977 - 03

Peking Review – 1977 – 03

Peking Review - 1977 - 04

Peking Review – 1977 – 04

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 05

Peking Review – 1977 – 05

Peking Review - 1977 - 06

Peking Review – 1977 – 06

Peking Review - 1977 - 07

Peking Review – 1977 – 07

Peking Review - 1977 - 08

Peking Review – 1977 – 08

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 09

Peking Review – 1977 – 09

Peking Review - 1977 - 10

Peking Review – 1977 – 10

Peking Review - 1977 - 11

Peking Review – 1977 – 11

Peking Review - 1977 - 12

Peking Review – 1977 – 12

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 13

Peking Review – 1977 – 13

Peking Review - 1977 - 14

Peking Review – 1977 – 14

Peking Review - 1977 - 15

Peking Review – 1977 – 15

Peking Review - 1977 - 16

Peking Review – 1977 – 16

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 17

Peking Review – 1977 – 17

Peking Review - 1977 - 18

Peking Review – 1977 – 18

Peking Review - 1977 - 19

Peking Review – 1977 – 19

Peking Review - 1977 - 20

Peking Review – 1977 – 20

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 21

Peking Review – 1977 – 21

Peking Review - 1977 - 22

Peking Review – 1977 – 22

Peking Review - 1977 - 23

Peking Review – 1977 – 23

Peking Review - 1977 - 24

Peking Review – 1977 – 24

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 25

Peking Review – 1977 – 25

Peking Review - 1977 - 26

Peking Review – 1977 – 26

Peking Review - 1977 - 27

Peking Review – 1977 – 27

Peking Review - 1977 - 28

Peking Review – 1977 – 28

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 29

Peking Review – 1977 – 29

Peking Review - 1977 - 30

Peking Review – 1977 – 30

Peking Review - 1977 - 31

Peking Review – 1977 – 31

Peking Review - 1977 - 32

Peking Review – 1977 – 32

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 33

Peking Review – 1977 – 33

Peking Review - 1977 - 34

Peking Review – 1977 – 34

Peking Review - 1977 - 35

Peking Review – 1977 – 35

Peking Review - 1977 - 36

Peking Review – 1977 – 36

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 37-38

Peking Review – 1977 – 37-38

Peking Review - 1977 - 39

Peking Review – 1977 – 39

Peking Review - 1977 - 40

Peking Review – 1977 – 40

Peking Review - 1977 - 41

Peking Review – 1977 – 41

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peking Review - 1977 - 42

Peking Review – 1977 – 42

Peking Review - 1977 - 43

Peking Review – 1977 – 43

Peking Review - 1977 - 44

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Peking Review - 1977 - 45

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Peking Review - 1977 - 46

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Peking Review - 1977 - 47

Peking Review – 1977 – 47

Peking Review - 1977 - 48

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Peking Review - 1977 - 50

Peking Review – 1977 – 50

Peking Review - 1977 - 51

Peking Review – 1977 – 51

Peking Review - 1977 - 52

Peking Review – 1977 – 52

 

 

 

 

 

Beijing Review

From issue No. 1 of 1979 the weekly political and informative magazine Peking Review changed its name to Beijing Review. On page 3 of that number the editors made the open declaration of the change in the direction of the erstwhile ‘People’s Republic of China’.

By stating that the Communist Party of China (under the control then of Teng Hsiao-Ping/Deng Xiaoping ) sought

‘to accomplish socialist modernisation by the end of the century and turn China …. into an economically developed and fully democratic socialist country’

the CPC was openly declaring the rejection of the revolutionary path, which the country had been following since 1949, and the adoption of the road that would inevitably lead to the full scale establishment of capitalism.

For those who would like to follow this downward spiral into the murky depths of capitalism and imperialism in the issues of Beijing Review (complete for the years 1979-1990 – intermittently thereafter) you can do so by going to bannedthought – which also serves as an invaluable resource for more material about China during its revolutionary phase.

More on China …..