The Albanian Cultural Revolution

Lavdi Deshmoreve - Glory to the Martyrs - Edison Gjergjo

Lavdi Deshmoreve – Glory to the Martyrs – Edison Gjergjo

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Art as a means of promoting Socialism in Albania

Socialist mosaics and bas reliefs in Albania

The Albanian Cultural Revolution

Articles and speeches from leaders and commentators, during Albania’s Socialist period, on the Cultural Revolution, literature and art. 

Enver Hoxha – On the Intellectuals

Theses drafted for discussion at the meeting of the Bureau of the Party Committee for the city of Tirana which, on March 21, 1958, was to take up with the consideration of the report ‘On the work for the education of intellectuals’.

The Socialist Cultural Revolution and the People’s National Culture

The creation of a new culture, the spreading of it among the broad masses, the revolutionary ideological formation of the working people, is one of the most fundamental tasks of the construction of socialism and, at the same time, one of the greatest achievements following the people’s revolution.

Literature and the arts should serve to temper people with class consciousness for the construction of socialism, the closing speech delivered at the 15th Plenum of the CC of the PLA, October 26 1965. Published in Enver Hoxha, Selected Works, Volume 3, pp 832-859.

Enver Hoxha – The need for a Cultural Revolution in Albania

The section entitled ‘The further deepening of the ideological and cultural revolution’ comes from the Report of the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania presented by Enver Hoxha at the Fifth Congress of the Party, held at the beginning of November 1966.

Intensify the ideological struggle against alien manifestations and liberal attitudes towards them, Enver Hoxha – from the Report submitted to the 4th Plenum of the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania, June 26 1973, Selected Works, Volume 4, pp812-849.

Culture People’s Heritage, Naim Frasheri Publishing House, Tirana, 1973, 88 pages. A review of Albania’s Cultural Heritage and how, after the liberation of the country from Fascism in 1944, the people were able to appreciate this historical treasury for the first time.

Self-reliance – a Great Marxist-Leninist Principle in the Construction of Socialism and the Defence of the Country

This article first appeared in New Albania, No 6 1977. It is being reproduced here in an effort to counter the false claim that Albania, during it’s period of Socialist construction, was a state that was purposely isolating itself from the rest of the world, as well as putting the concept into a contemporary context.

Literature and the arts should serve to temper people with class consciousness for the construction of socialism

This speech of Enver Hoxha from 1965 is reproduced here as part of the collection of material from Albania that relates to the concept of a ‘cultural revolution’ – the struggle of ideas in the construction of Socialism.

Writers and artists are assistants of the Party for the Communist education of our people, Enver Hoxha, Speech delivered at the meeting of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania concerning the implementation to date of the tasks in literature and art set by the 4th Plenum of the CC of the PLA, December 20th 1974, from Enver Hoxha, Selected Works, Volume 4, 8 Nëntori Publishing House, Tirana, 1982, pp888-917.

On literature and art – 1949-1980, November 8th Publishing House, Ottowa, 2023, 219 pages.

A selection of speeches and articles by Comrade Enver Hoxha on all aspects of the role played by literature and art in the struggle for the construction of Socialism, spanning most of the years of the existence of the People’s Socialist Republic of Albania. 

Also articles on the Albanian Cultural Revolution can be found in the pages of the magazines Albania Today and New Albania

Related links;

Enver Hoxha

Selected works

Memoirs, diary selections and compilations of articles

Speeches and articles

More on Albania …..

Art as a means of promoting Socialism in Albania

Socialist mosaics and bas reliefs in Albania

Albanian Lapidar Survey

Lushnje Martyrs' Cemetery

Lushnje Martyrs’ Cemetery

More on Albania …..

Albanian Lapidar Survey

The three volumes produced by the Albanian Lapidar Survey are the result of the work of researcher Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei, photographer Marco Mazzi and assistant photographer Xheni Alushi who spent 50 days in June and July 2014 to quantify the monuments of Albania’s Socialist past. More information on the project can be found on the Department of Eagles website.

Volume I contains articles related to the lapidars (the generic name given to the variety of monuments, statues and mosaics) produced and inaugurated between 1944 and 1990, both historical and contemporary. Perhaps more importantly it also contains a list 659 lapidars from all over the country. This list includes the location (city, town or village); the latitude and longitude; altitude; inscriptions; and other data (such as date of inauguration, sculptor/architect, etc.).

Although comprehensive the list is being added to as more information becomes available and updates are regularly placed on the ALS blog.

Volumes 2 and 3 contain (normally) a couple of the images of each lapidar captured during the survey.

This is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in these unique works of art and it is hoped that the greater exposure to the wider world will ensure their long-term preservation.

Description and photos of the Lapidars (Monuments), statues, bas reliefs and mosaics

Sculptors and Architects of Albanian Lapidars

Volume 1

Volume 1

 

 

Containing the most comprehensive list of Albanian lapidars available to date.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Volume 2 contains pictures of those lapidars from (around about) Berat to the north of the country. Due to size they are presented here in two parts.

Volume 2

Volume 2

Volume 2

Volume 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Volume 3 consists of those lapidars south of the line through Berat to the border with Greece. This is also in two parts.

Volume 3

Volume 3

Volume 3

Volume 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Photos and a description of the lapidars, as well as other examples of public Socialist Realist art, staues, bas reliefs, mosaics, etc. can be found here.

More on Albania …..

Moscow Metro – Baumanskaya – Line 3

Lenin in Baumanskaya Metro Station

Lenin in Baumanskaya Metro Station

More on the USSR

Moscow Metro – a Socialist Realist Art Gallery

Moscow Metro – Baumanskaya – Line 3

Female Miner

Female Miner

Baumanskaya (Бауманская) is a station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro, named after the revolutionary Nikolai Bauman. It was designed by Boris Iofan and Yury Zenkevich and opened in 1944. The Art Deco design features white marble pylons with rounded corners, projecting, fluted piers faced with red ceramic tile, and decorative ventilation grilles. In the bays between each set of piers are bronze sculptures by V.A. Andreev depicting Russian soldiers and workers of the home front during World War II. At the end of the platform is a mosaic portrait of Vladimir Lenin. This station is very busy, as one of the biggest Moscow institutes (Moscow State Technical University) is located not far away.

Partisan in snow camouflage

Partisan in snow camouflage

Baumanskaya is the second busiest station in Moscow Metro. The facts:

  • There are at least 3 major universities near the station: Bauman Moscow State Technical University main and secondary buildings Moscow State University of Civil Engineering and Moscow State Academy of Law.
  • Army Officer

    Army Officer

  • Specific configuration of central hall like garmon (Russian accordion) before the escalator, where some passengers try to short jump queue.
  • Bricklayer

    Bricklayer

  • Most passengers prefer Baumanskaya to other station if they would get to the area which is at half-way between Baumanskaya and another station even if causes additional transfer or even best accessible by ground transport.
  • Female Partisan

    Female Partisan

  • The escalators here were the oldest working in Moscow Metro and the entire world. Their replacement began on 8 February 2015 and was completed on 24 December 2015.
Intellectual

Intellectual

A cryptic inscription is on the wall of station. It is situated near the first car stop towards the Shchyolkovskaya station just under the last ventilation lattice. The inscription is deeply carved in marble on about 120 centimetres (47in) above the floor, is about 8 centimetres (3.1in) in length and 1.5 centimetres (0.59in) in height. It consists of two dates, divided by hyphen:

19 14/XI 46 – 19 15/XII 54

These dates translate to 14 November 1946 – 15 December 1954. The way of writing is very similar to the way dates are written on gravestones. The origin of that artefact is unknown. [I missed this on my visit.]

Soldier with Red Flag

Soldier with Red Flag

Text from Wikipedia.

Airman

Airman

Location:

GPS:

55.7730°N

37.6806°E

Depth:

32.5 metres (107 ft)

Opened:

18 January 1944

More on the USSR

Moscow Metro – a Socialist Realist Art Gallery