Ħal Tarxien

The Ħal Tarxien Prehistoric Complex – Malta

The Ħal Tarxien Prehistoric Complex, also known as the Tarxien Temples, is a UNESCO World Heritage site that offers a glimpse into the island’s rich prehistoric past.

The Origins of the Ħal Tarxien Prehistoric Complex

Dating back to approximately 3150 BCE, the Ħal Tarxien Prehistoric Complex stands as a mesmerizing testament to the ingenuity and artistry of its ancient builders. The archaeological site consists of four temple structures, and it is thought to be one of the oldest free-standing stone buildings in the world, predating even the Egyptian pyramids.

The construction of the temples showcases remarkable engineering skills, especially considering the resources and tools available to the builders at that time. Stone blocks weighing several tons were skilfully shaped, transported, and meticulously arranged to create these awe-inspiring structures. The precision with which the stones were carved and fitted together speaks volumes about the mastery achieved by the ancient builders.

In addition to their architectural prowess, the builders of the Tarxien Temples demonstrated a deep artistic sensibility. The temple walls are adorned with intricately carved stone reliefs, featuring spirals, animal figures, and geometric patterns. These carvings are believed to hold symbolic meanings and provide valuable insights into the religious and cultural beliefs of the ancient inhabitants of Malta.

While the exact purpose of the Tarxien Temples remains a subject of ongoing research and speculation, there is evidence to suggest that they served as ceremonial centers and gathering places for the community. The alignment of the temples with celestial events, such as solstices and equinoxes, indicates an understanding of astronomical phenomena and their significance in the spiritual and cultural life of the ancient Maltese people.

Symbols and Artefacts in the Ħal Tarxien Prehistoric Complex

The Ħal Tarxien Prehistoric Complex is not only renowned for its impressive architectural structures but also for the wealth of symbols and artefacts found within its walls. These ancient symbols and artefacts provide valuable insights into the beliefs, rituals, and daily lives of the prehistoric inhabitants of Malta.

One of the notable features of the complex is the bas-relief sculptures depicting spirals and animals. The South structure, in particular, is rich in prehistoric art, showcasing intricate carvings of spirals and depictions of various domesticated animals, including goats. These animal representations are believed to have held symbolic meanings, potentially signifying fertility, abundance, or even the connection between humans and nature.

The presence of spirals in the carvings is especially significant and has become a symbol synonymous with Malta itself. These spirals, often depicted as interconnected circles or coils, have been interpreted in different ways.

Some theories say that they represent the cycle of life and death, while others associate them with the movement of celestial bodies or the concept of eternity. The precise meaning of these spirals remains a subject of ongoing research and speculation, adding to the allure and mystery surrounding the ancient complex.

Apart from the rock carvings, numerous artefacts have been discovered within the Ħal Tarxien Prehistoric Complex. These include pottery vessels, stone tools, and personal adornments, such as beads made from semi-precious stones and shells. These artefacts provide insights into the daily lives and material culture of the prehistoric Maltese people, showcasing their craftsmanship and artistic sensibilities.

The intricate symbols and artefacts within the Ħal Tarxien Prehistoric Complex highlight the significance of religious and cultural practices in the lives of its ancient inhabitants. It suggests a complex belief system and the existence of organized rituals and ceremonies.

Now a few comments from me;

As with many archaeological sites world wide those which were excavated in the early 20th century underwent what would now be classified as vandalism. In place of just re-positioning fallen stones those that were broken were ‘repaired’ with modern materials, in this case concrete. Although much of the time this is obvious at others the thinking of the time of the use of the structures meant that assumptions were made using ‘modern’ prejudices and this might have distorted the restoration.

Late 20th and early 21st century thinking started to consider that the best form of maintaining these ancient structures was to remove any especially unique artefacts, e.g., some of the carved stones, and replace them with contemporary copies – the originals being placed, in this case, in the National Museum of Archaeology in Valletta. Where that has happened at Ħal Tarxien the information boards inform the visitor of such.

In fact, to get a full appreciation of this site (and the others on the islands) a visit to the National Museum of Archaeology is invaluable as it puts the finds into context with the other sites that have already been excavated.

Location;

Ħal Tarxien, TXN 1063, Malta

GPS;

35º 52′ 9” N

14º 30′ 43” E

How to get there;

Buses 81 and 82 leave from the Valletta bus station. From the Ħal Tarxien bus stop walk back on yourself, take the first road on the right and the entrance to the complex is about 150m away.